Cultural Influences on Communication in Groups Assignment

Cultural Influences on Communication in Groups - Assignment Example In order to carry out our survey, the first task was to build a comprehensive questionnaire after identifying certain measurable constructs from our literature review. The first conflict arose while deciding upon the statements that we should be including in the questionnaire in order to measure â€Å"conformity.† I had suggested that we include â€Å"I get influenced by the opinions of my friends while shopping.† This was opposed by Mike and Janie but in two opposite ways. Mike felt that nobody would agree to this statement since hardly anyone would compromise while making a purchase for oneself whereas Janie felt that it was a leading question and â€Å"obviously† everyone will answer with a yes in order to appear modest and considerate. This debate automatically vouched for the inclusion of the question, however what was evident from the argument was that Janie and Mike belonged to two opposite value systems. Janie had a more collectivist approach whereas Mike was more of an individualist, who could not see beyond himself and his responses while making the questionnaire. Mike was the group leader and was very domineering throughout the project, he spoke more and listened less.

Will Afghanistan achieve peace and prosperity Research Paper

Will Afghanistan achieve peace and prosperity - Research Paper Example It is a landlocked nation occupying part of South, Central and Western Asia. Afghanistan’s population is approximated to be thirty million head counts which almost the same as that of that of Uganda in Africa. Afghans population growth rate is approximately similar to the population growth rates of most third world country like Brazil. Afghanistan is approximately 647,500 square km making it one of the top fifty most populous countries in the world as a result of the large population occupying a small area1. Location of Afghanistan on the globe as produced by the UN, retrieved on December 1, 2013 Afghans urban civilization is believed to have begun in early 3000 to 2000 BC. Afghanistan is home to people from various parts of the world given its strategic location as a connection point between the Middle East, Central Asia and India. This is clearly seen the wake of military campaigns in this nation dating the era of Alexander the great of Britain, Russia, Arab Muslims, and Gen ghis khan. Afghanistan is a nation which was formed after an agreement between British and Russia. The fight for Afghanistan is experienced in the modern era of religious groups likes Taliban and the Western nation each having the desire to control the mineral deposits in Afghanistan2. The history of Afghanistan is begun in 1709 after the establishment of Hostaki dynasty, which led to the rise of Pashtuns. The Hostaki dynasty was preceded by the Duran Empire in 1747. After the great Anglo-Afghan war, the king began to modernize Afghanistan using the British system. This method of modernization was met by opposition from the conservative Muslims. When the British withdrew the neighboring India during the cold war, Russia and the United States started influencing Afghanistan. These influences from United States led to war between Russian backed Afghanistan government, and US backed Mujahedeen militia in 1779. This was the beginning of a series of wars in Afghanistan including the 1990 s civil war, the Taliban wars and the present war led by the United Nations security forces (Riphenburg 2006). A photo of American forces in Afghanistan: produced by CIA, retrieved on December 1, 2013 Resources Afghans natural resources include coal, copper, iron ore, lithium, uranium, rare earth elements, chromite, gold, zinc, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, marble, precious and semi precious stones, natural gas and petroleum. Afghanistan government estimates quite a large number of untapped mineral resources. Afghanistan is endowed with five major rivers which include: Helmand River, the Kunar River, the Oxus River, the Hari rod river and the Panjisher River. The five rivers in Afghanistan are fed by the snows and glaciers on the mountains of Afghanistan, and they flow to the neighboring Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Tajikistan and Pakistan. This implies that Afghanistan supplies its neighbors with freshwater which is very crucial for the survival of any nation. Poor management of water resources is a contentious issue in Afghanistan3. Afghans landscape; produced by Aljazeera, retrieved in December 1, 2013 This is because most residents of Afghanistan do not get the chance to enjoy this crucial resource regardless of its abundance the country. Everyone wants to control the parts endowed with water resource since most leaders believe that once they take control of water resource, they can control a vast population of any nation. A country like Afghanistan which has this great resource in abundance should not be complaining of scarcity of water. This though does not surprise many due to poor management of water resources in Afghanistan. Afghanistan also lack proper infrastructure, which can aid in water storage since water is available

Explanation as to why projects fail Essay Example for Free

Explanation as to why projects fail Essay Lack of staff expertise Having the right members of staff is very crucial when running a project. Project mangers have to be extremely careful when employing members of staff, hiring people that do not know how to use tools during the development of a project can result in time consumption. Going over the budget If the project manager wastes more money then necessary, then how their project going to be able to continue, how will members of staff get paid, and where are they going to get the money for the tools that are needed. Project managers have to always be wary about how much money is being spent and to always keep track of their budget and avoid spending too much money. Insufficient details from client It is extremely important for the project manager to find out as many details as possible in order to create the product for them. If there are not enough details and the product is made, the client may not be satisfied and therefore the project has failed as well as the project manager. There are projects out there that do not give enough requirements which have led to cases where the developers of the project having no input from the client, and create a project that they believe is needed without them knowing anything about the business itself. When the project has then been given to the client, business users will then say that it does not do what is needed to be done. This is also connected to a lack of user involvement; a user has to always know exactly what they want and have the ability to specify it precisely. Not enough proper time to research and plan Before any project starts, planning has to always be taken place in order to prepare for the unexpected so that we can react quicker minimising any problems as much as possible. But if not enough time has been given to properly plan and also to research a product, that will only increase the risk of the project failing. Using the wrong kind of tools There are many different kinds of softwares that can be used for many different kinds of things. Using the wrong software can be almost impossible or difficult to do the project. For example to create a spreadsheet, Microsoft Excel will be needed. But if Microsoft FrontPage is provided, then it would be impossible to create the spreadsheet because FrontPage is used to make websites and WebPages, not spreadsheets. They can over-run (passed the deadline) If a project has passed its deadline, it has failed and the client will probably not be able to afford the project any longer and will terminate the project. Projects can pass the deadline simply because certain problems may have been very difficult to overcome and therefore time-consuming. Other things can also include members of staff not working full time or not working properly in the project. Poor communication People have to communicate with each other in order to know what is happening and what is going on. If people do not communicate with each other then how they will know if they are doing everything in the correct order and if everything is working perfectly in order for them to continue. It is extremely important that members of staff tell each other when to apply certain things or when to start creating little bits in order to make the project. Lack of User Involvement Everyone that has been hired to carry out the project must always be involved so that project can run as smoothly as planned. A lack of user involvement can prove to be fatal for any kind of project. Every user has to be involved otherwise nobody in the business will be committed to a system and may be also hostile to it. In order to have a successful project every single user has to be involved from the start of the project and continue to be involved throughout the whole development. Changes in the requirements. While a project is being developed, what can sometimes happen is that the client can suddenly decide to add more details to the production of the project, because of this happening many projects has failed simply because there was not enough time to finish the project due to the amount of time that it took to add those extra details. Long or Unrealistic Time periods Sometimes clients give project managers a ridiculous amount of time to finish a project when it is impossible because there maybe few members of staff, or not enough money to pay for tools that are needed to create the project. Project managers have to plan carefully how much time is needed to create a whole project, a manager will have to take in consideration how much members of staff are needed and for how much time. Managers have to also be aware of any unrealistic time periods, for example for a product to arrive or a specific tool or software. Waiting for tools to be delivered could take a week or more which could have an impact over the whole project. It is recommended that project managers review all project plans so that they will be able to see if they are all realistic before they proceed with anything. Poor Testing People that are developing projects will have to carefully test them and also test to see if it meets the business requirements. But testing can sometimes fail because of many faults, these can include:   Poor requirements   Tests not done properly or not at all   Trained users that do not know the purpose of the system   Insufficient time to perform tests as the project is late Bad decisions being made This can involve wrong decisions that have been made by the project manager. Bad decisions can normally happen if no planning has taken place and the project manager does things without any meaning or thinking about it, managers will need to carefully make any decision. An example of this could be hiring more staff then needed or buying more softwares then needed for the project. Reference details: http://www. adaptivepartners. com/projfailb. htm 22/09/09 http://www. coleyconsulting. co. uk/failure. htm 22/09/09 http://www. carlosconsulting. com/downloads/Reasons_why_projects_fail. pdf 06/10/09.

Marketing Report Of Tesco Marketing Essay

Marketing Report Of Tesco Marketing Essay Aim of this easy focus on Tesco marketing operation and how they control their domestic and international market. The information that use in this report is secondary data and also different techniques, analysis such as PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, Marketing mix analysis, market segmentation, targeting analysis etc are used to discover Tescos marketing position in national and international place. Executive Summary 2 The main aim of marketing is to understand customers needs and to develop a right way that can cover all this essential matter. Basically marketing jobs is make sure always and find out about customer requirements. 2 2 Introduction 5 Definitions of Marketing 5 Main Characteristics of Marketing 6 Key elements of market orientation 7 Benefits of marketing approach 7 Cost of marketing approach 8 Market orientation assessment 8 Market segmentation criteria 9 Targeting Strategy 10 Affects of buyer behavior 11 Marketing Mix 13 Different between domestic and international market 15 Different marketing strategy of Tesco 16 SWOT analysis of TESCO 19 http://wc1.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/06_Quality_Control/SWOT_Diagrams/SWOT_Diagram_-_Market_Analysis_L.jpg (access-07-01-2010) 19 Another element of marketing mix 21 Conclusion 23 Recommendation 23 Based on this analysis we can say that TESCO doing vary well retail market in UK. Now they expand their business all over the world and for that TESCO need to care full about there marketing because different country has different type of customer and their needs also no same. 23 Introduction TESCO is top leading retailer in UK. It manages over a thousand supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience store in the United Kingdom, Ireland, central Europe, and Asia. TESCO started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started surplus groceries from a stall in the East end of London. MR Cohen made profit of 1 from sales of 4 on his first day. TESCO brand first appear five years after in 1942 when he bought shipment of tea from a MR T. E Stockwell. From that time TESCO slowly improve in retail business and now they are take top position in UK retail business. Tesco aim is provide best products for their customer and make sure about customer requirements. Definitions of Marketing The definitions of marketing of marketing can be divided into two categories: Classical (narrow) and Modern (board) The classical definition of marketing has several weaknesses that are overcome in the modern definition. A proper definition of marketing should not be confined to goods and service. It should cover organization (for example, Florida Orange growers), people (political candidates and celebrities), place (Denver, Colorado), and ideas (the value of a college education). Figure 1-1 definition of marketing:- Classical / narrow Modern / board 1. Marketing is the performance activates that direct the flow goods and service from producer to consumer or user. (Ralph S.Alexander (Chairman), Report of the definitions committee, journal of marketing, vol. 12 (October 1948), pp. 202-217) 1. Marketing is the exchange taking place between consuming groups on the one hand and supplying groups on the other. (Wroe Alderson, marketing Behavior and Executive Action (Hoewood, 3 Richard D. Irwin, 1957), p. 42). 2. Marketing is the process in a society by which the demand structure for economic goods and service is anticipated or enlarged and satisfied through the conception, promotion, and physical distribution of such goods and services. (Statement of the Philosophy of the marketing faculty, the Ohio state University, The journal of marketing, vol. 29 (January 1965), pp. 43-44). 2. Marketing is concerned with regulating the level, timing, and character of demand for one or more products of an organization. (Philip kotler, The major task of marketing Management, Journal of Marketing, vol. 37 (October 1973), p. 42). 3. Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and through exchange processes. (Philip kotler, Marketing Management: Planning, Analysis, and Control, fourth edition (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-hall, 1980), p. 19). Main Characteristics of Marketing There are four main characteristics of marketing oriented organization: Production Orientation: This is organizational or values where competitive advantage is attained through increase productivity or volume. Its a traditional orientation that exists in the Henry ford era. In modern times this is practiced in compliment with other orientations. Product Orientation: An organizational culture where competitive advantage gained through the creation of product leadership (high quality features) becomes the sole objective of a business. Sales orientations: An organizational culture where competitive advantage attainted through the creation of superior sales force to generate adequate sales becomes the objectives of a business. Carphone warehouse attained its objectives through telemarketing. Marketing Orientations: An organizational culture where beating competition through the creation of superior customer value is the paramount objective throughout the business (piercy, market led strategic change 2001). Key elements of market orientation The main key elements of market orientation are: Customer orientation: Understanding customer well enough to create superior value for them. Long term profit focus: Having this as strategic focus business objective. Interfunctional coordination: Mobilising all company resource to create value for target customer. Competitor orientation: Awareness of the short and long term capabilities of competitors. Organizational Culture: Management and employee behavior to focus on customer satisfactions a value. These are the key aliments that must be flow in oriented organization. Benefits of marketing approach High customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention Increase sales and market share Growth in profitability Enhanced competitive advantage Improved corporate image Cost of marketing approach Increasing customer expectations Staff training and development needs Technology requirement for customer contact and improved ways of doing business Increase resource demand to providing customer specific marketing Complex customer growing needs and power Market orientation assessment Customer orientation Regular collection of information on customer needs Customer focus corporate policies and objectives Regular customer satisfaction review and improved service levels Responsiveness to customer needs Market offers reflecting the various needs of distinct segments Competitor orientation Regular collection of information on competitor activities Responsiveness to competitor actions Bench marking on competitor offering Differentiating on the basis of customer needs Market segmentation criteria In addition to having different needs, for segments to be practical they should be evaluated against the following criteria: Identifiable: the differentiating attributes of the segments must be measurable so that they can be identified Accessible: the segments must be reachable through communication and distribution channels. Substantial: the segments should be sufficiently large to justify the resource required to target them. Unique needs: to justify separate offerings, the segments must respond differently to the different marketing mixes. Durable: the segments should be relatively stable to minimize the cost of frequent changes. A good market segmentation will result in segment that are internally homogenous and externally heterogeneous, that is, as similar as possible within the segment, and as different as possible between segments. Base for Segmentation in consumer markets: Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics: Geographic Demographic Psychographic Behavioralistic http://www.netmba.com/marketing/market/segmentation/ (access-05-01-2010) Targeting Strategy There are several different target-market strategies that may be followed. Targeting strategies usually can be categorized as one of the following: Single-segment: strategy also known as a concentrated strategy. One market segment (not the entire market) is served with one marketing mix. A single-segment approach often is the strategy of choice for smaller companies with limited resources. Selective specialization: this is a multiple-segment strategy, also known as a differentiated strategy. Different marketing mixes are offered to different segments. Product specialization: the firm specializes in serving a particular product and tailors it to different market segments. Market specialization: the firm specializes in serving a particular market segment and offers that segment an array of different products. Full market coverage: the firm attempts to serve the entire market. This coverage can be achieved by means of either a mass market strategy in which a single undifferentiated marketing mix is offered to the entire market, or by a differentiated strategy in which a separate marketing mix is offered to each segment. The following diagrams show examples of the five market selection patterns given three market segments S1, S2, and S3, and three products P1, P2, and P3. Single Segment Selective Specialization Product Specialization Market Specialization Full Market Coverage S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 http://www.netmba.com/marketing/market/segmentation/ (access-05-01-2010) A firm that is seeking to enter a market and grow should first target the most attractive segment that matches its capabilities. Affects of buyer behavior One of the most important parts of marketing is buyer or customer behavior. Because of that TESCO must understand why a customer or buyer makes a purchase. Without such an understanding it is hard for TESCO to respond customers needs and wants. According to Peter Clark, co-editor of the Wise Market and co-author of the loyalty Guide reports series, there are six major factors that play key roles in influencing the loyalty and commitment of customer: http://www.thewisemarketer.com/news/read.asp?lc=w29860tx2320zs (access-05-01-2010) This six factors working when every customer goes to buy something. There for TESCO contain to this factor. Because of customer different needs TESCO has focus to maintain what they want and it also depend on different buying situation. There are two main factors that influence a purchase: Cultural factor: Cultural factors have a significant impact on customer behavior. Culture is the most basic cause of persons wants and behavior. Growing up, children learn basic values, perception, and wants from the family and other important groups. Social factor: A customer buying behavior is also influenced by social factors, such as the groups to which the customer belongs and social status. http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/buying_introduction.asp (access-5-01-2010) This all factor effects on TESCO marketing operation because customer is now king and every business have to make sure about there needs. For example in local market means UK TESCO can sale pork but in Asian market it is not possible to sale pork in every place. Organization duty to make sure about customer requirements and also maintain there cultural and social wants. Marketing Mix The concept of a marketing mix is best described by (1990, 43) claiming that is the set of controllable marketing variables that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market it is compose of 4ps: product, price, place, and promotion. In the context of TESCO, their entry to the Chiness market should significantly adapt to the culture of the consumer in the said location. However, the company should take into keep in mind the basic standards to which their company adheres to. Product: The management of TESCO should set off product development strategies once they have taken control of their shop in China by marketing their existing products, exporting products in different province of the country and in so doing pressing forward on the possible opportunities of boosting the companys market penetration and market share. Tesco should consider restoring or revising models of their product to provide the Chiness customers what they want and what they need. In this way Tesco could develop the stores own brand product which could be marketed strategically within the territory of china. Price: Looking at the situation of Tesco, one way that it could acquire cost advantage is by enhancing process efficiency, expanding exclusive contact to a large supplier of lower cost materials, or steering clear of several costs in general. If rival organizations in the country are incapable to lower their costs by a comparable quantity, Tesco will be capable of sustaining a competitive anchored cost leadership. Place: To develop its success in its retail operations, the Tesco should make multi-million pound investments in store expansion in low-income districts and localities. By getting involved with similar-minded public and private sector groups like local community based associations, colleges, and chambers of commerce, the Tesco will be able to open sites in economically disadvantage districts in china. Targeting these areas will enable the company to gain of local luminaries and gain favor from the local government by providing employment to the locals. Promotion: The Tescos approach should constitute a long-standing strategic plan that centers on generation value to expand the loyalty of their customer which takes account of preserving a well-built central Chinese business, to be as strapping in non-food as food product and services, to develop globally and to set the ball rolling on retailing services like on-line shopping. http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/tesco-marketing-mix.html (access-05-01-2010) The bottom-line is that object of the marketing mix is to satisfy the customer and in this analysis we can see place play most important roll in china situation. Because of that Tesco not catch that much success like UK or other place. Other hand tesco product price is contribute to get success of Tesco and for that in UK Tesco is a number one retail company. Different between domestic and international market There are eight main factors which is play the key roles to different between domestic and international market. The factor is below: Market size Market rate of growth Government regulation Economic and political factor Market share Product fit Contribution margin Market support (Marketing Today: Gordon Oliver 3rd edition; (1990) prentice hall Inter. (UK) limited. Hertfordshire) These are the key factor which is making different in global and domestic market. For example: In the case of Tesco, Malaysia, economic development condition, food supply chains are being rationalized according to more complicated major retail and food service consumers who wants to make business with fewer, larger, better-resourced manufacturers, suppliers and farmers. Therefore, power is polarizing the global retail industry. However Tesco has a long term business strategy in order increase profits, the company has three different dimensions in their strategies, and these are: corporate, functional and global or international. In this example we can see that how and why international marketing operation of Tesco deferent from domestic market operation. http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/11/strategic-marketing-tescopestleswotbcg.html (access-06-01-2010) Different marketing strategy of Tesco Tesco brought about o lot of changes in these marketing strategies and has grown to become UKs number one retailer. Today in the UK, the retailer has been dominant force more than 10 years-(Seth, A. Randall G., The Grocers: The Rise and Rise of the supermarket Chains). If we look in Tesco history we can see Tesco always change there strategy within time base and for that they get success constantly. In 1973 Lesile Porter and managing director lan MacLaurin applied one philosophy that is pile it high, sell it cheap which had left the company stagnating and with a bad image. In 1977 Tesco launched Operation Checkout which included the abandonment of green Shield stamps, price reductions and centralized buying for all stores. The result is a rise in market share of 4% in two month. 1990s In 1994 the company took over the supermarket chain William Low, successfully fighting off Sainsburys for control of the Dundee-based firm which operated 57 stores. Tesco introduced a loyalty card, branded Clubcard in 1995 and later an internet shopping service. In 1997 Tesco and Esco (part of Exxonmobil) forged a business alliance that included several petrol filling stations on lease from Esco, with Tesco operating the attached stores under the Express format. Ten years later over 600 Tesco/Esco stores can now be found across the UK. 2000s In October 2003 the company launched a UK telecoms division, comprising mobile and home phone service, to complement its existing internet service provider business. August 2004, it also launched a broadband service. In 2007 Tesco took part in a joint venture with O2 to from the Tesco Mobile virtual network operator in Ireland. In April 2009, Tesco announced that it had created a super tomato doesnt leak. We can see here that how Tesco change their strategy from beginning to until now. Other hand we can see Toscos almost entire relationship marketing strategy based on its Clubcard scheme. It has been able to use the Clubcard very effectively in addressing different customer segments and in attracting customers of all types. PESTEL Analysis http://www.learnmarketing.net/pestmarketing.jpg (access 17-12-09) PEST analysis shows the main external impacts of organization. PESTEL stands for political, economical, sociological, technological, ethical, and legal, in TESCO the following external will have great effects whether negatively or positively. Political: following the European integration and free trade Agreements, the market has opened up for British Companies to invest in Eastern Europe. Tesco already has 60 Hypermarket store in hungry. Economic: the Retail sector is fairly recession prawn and also very sensitive t change in interest rates. Since the events of September 11th the world economics have suffered heavily, stock plummeted and price is at all time lows. The world economy is however, now on the up post September 11th. Sociological: Change in consumer taste and lifestyle represent both opportunity and threats for the industry. Technological: change in retailing methods as such clothes sales via the internet is now a common place in retailing. Paperless operation, the management and administration of the company are undertaken on IT system, which are accessed through secure servers provide flexibility in the running of the business. Environmental: the threats are in terms of legal consequence for livestocks in terms of heath and safety. The renewal source of resource used in production, namely cotton and wool are environmentally friendly. Legal: the legal factor is national legislation for health and safety both in terms of consumer and also in terms of production of own natural renewable resource for making clothes. http://www.universitydissertations.com/Marketing/Tesco-Marketing-Strategy.php (access-07-01-2010) SWOT analysis of TESCO http://wc1.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/06_Quality_Control/SWOT_Diagrams/SWOT_Diagram_-_Market_Analysis_L.jpg (access-07-01-2010) Strengths TESCO have secured commercial standing within the global market place wining Retailer of the Year 2008 at the World Retail Awards this can be used marketing campaigns to drive advantage towards the demographic base for future growth and sustainability. In an environment where global retail sales are showing decline or level performance on a like basis TESCO Group have published sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets. As a business looking for continued expansion TESCO have reserve funds of credit coupled with income derived from property portfolio development funds. Weaknesses TESCO finance profit levels were impacted through bad debt, credit card arrears and household insurance claims. TESCOs position as a price leader in UK markets can lead to reduced profit margins in order to retain the key price points on must have commercial items. Grocer outlets are not set up to operate as specialist in specific areas of product which can be capitalized on by other smaller bespoke retailer. Whilst current economic conditions suggest TESCO key value massage will succeeded there is a weakness in nonessential, mind to high ticket price items which will suffer from the rising cost of living and lower disposable incomes. Opportunities Statistics suggest TESCO is the third largest global grocer which indicates a level of buying power to ensure mainstream economies of scale. The acquisition of Homever provides the opportunity to develop the brand through Asia, specifically South Korea and further grow international markets for the group. The development of TESCO Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology, providing the launch pad for large non food based products with moderate to high margin returns and less focus on sale and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have grown  ¼ million customer in 2008 and moved into profitable status suggesting further growth and development within this technological area can be developed. Threats UK and America markets have been affected by economic through the credit crunch Lower available income and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. Rising raw material costs from both foods will impact profit margins overall. Changes to consumer buying behaviors require further analysis as technology develops consumers buying patterns change which will result in product areas requiring evaluation. For TESCO there is a persistent threat of takeover form the market leader Wal-Mart who has both means and motive to pursue such action. http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analyis-database/tesco-swot-analysis/(access-07-01-2010) Another element of marketing mix People: People play c crucial role in the production and delivery of products and service. The physical presence of people performing the job is a vital aspect of customer satisfaction. The people mix issue: careful job selection careful policies of selection Institute programmers in staff training etc. Process: process involved the ways in which the markets task is achieved. The process mix: company policies accessibility service feature Capacity levels etc. Physical: The physical evidence relates to those aspects of the service provider that customer can see and fell so as to from an impression of the service or its provider. The physical evidence mix: logos colours equipment company vehicles labels Packaging etc. Three new marketing mixes also create importance in marketing. There fore Tescos marketing operation also effect by this new marketing mix. Conclusion Present time Tesco is the number one retail company in UK. They expand there business all over the world for example: China, India, Malaysia etc. TESCO have to understand that international marketing and domestic marketing both are complex process. Therefore they have to maintain their marketing progress and keep focusing on customer. In this report we try to show that how Tesco operate there marketing system, what is there aim, and what they can do. So TESCOs main objective is to take long term decision to make profit and also full-fill customer needs. Recommendation Based on this analysis we can say that TESCO doing vary well retail market in UK. Now they expand their business all over the world and for that TESCO need to care full about there marketing because different country has different type of customer and their needs also no same.

Evil and an STN God :: Philosophy of Religion Essays

Evil and an STN God The problem of evil makes theists discern a reason for an STN God to allow evil and suffering in the world. The basic setup for the problem of evil is that either a God who is all knowing, all powerful, wholly good, eternal, and creator of this universe but separate from it (STN) or evil exists. Atheists believe that since evil exists then there is no STN God. Theists branch into two categories, either believing in God, but not an STN God or believing that God has a reason for allowing evil into the world. The latter type is a narrow theist and they use a theodicy to solve the problem of evil, the best of which is the ontological defense. However, the ontological defense does not solve the problem of evil. The problem of evil stems from the contradicting beliefs that either an STN God exists or evil exists (93).1 The problem of evil can be expanded into two arguments against the existence of an STN God: the logical and the evidential arguments (93).1 The argument from the logical problem of evil is simple. The basic form of this argument is that if an STN God exists, then evil cannot exist (93).1 Since there is evidence that evil does exist an STN God cannot exist (93).1 The evidential problem of evil is based more on how any greater good can come from the evil (99).1 In the argument from the evidential problem of evil, there are times when an STN God could have prevented intense suffering without interfering with a greater good (99).1 An STN God would prevent any suffering that would not interfere with a greater good and since suffering has occurred that does not interfere with a greater good an STN God cannot exist (99).1 The problem of evil is solely a problem for theists. In order for a theist to keep their beliefs in an STN God they must find a way to solve the problem of evil by using a theodicy (103).1 Or they can change their beliefs so that they no longer believe in an STN God, but just a God (108).1 The ontological defense appears to be the most successful theodicy at solving the problem of evil. This defense essentially says that it is impossible for good to exist in the world without evil. The ontological defense is the strongest defense because it merely puts forth the concept of opposites and does not try to explain any other reasoning for why evil exists or why God puts evil in the world.

Brief Encounters :: essays papers

Brief Encounters Brief encounters do seem to be accidental, but I also think that they are part of a plan that nobody understands. Like in the short story "Pen of My Aunt," the man just shows up at her door and she seems to know what to do about it. All the lies just come to her, and that encounter changed him and her for the rest of their lives. She probably saved his life by giving him the names of safehouses down the road a ways. Brief encounters can break down barriers not only between people, but also between people and animals. Maude Martha shows this when she finally traps the mouse in the trap. They seem to be communicating to each other about who won and what to do about it. She sees how the mouse is in acceptance about being caught, and the mouse is supposed to be her enemy. She then feels dirty in the fact that it is helpless and decides to let it go. That shows that a brief encounter like that broke down the wall between Maude Martha and the mouse. There do lie hidden qualities in each of us that a brief encounter will bring out and show to the world. The story that proves this is "The Grains of Paradise." I picked this because Pete Hoyle is in a pepper-eating contest with the Indians and they have all their money on the table that they probably own. Pete knows that he can beat the Indian and also realizes that if they loose, they will become even lower in the town. He gives up when he almost won and this shows that he has compassion for the people who are less fortunate than he is. A brief encounter can change somebody's life forever. This is true in the short story "The Good Samaritan." In this story there is a man who got severely beat and all his money got stolen. Brief Encounters :: essays papers Brief Encounters Brief encounters do seem to be accidental, but I also think that they are part of a plan that nobody understands. Like in the short story "Pen of My Aunt," the man just shows up at her door and she seems to know what to do about it. All the lies just come to her, and that encounter changed him and her for the rest of their lives. She probably saved his life by giving him the names of safehouses down the road a ways. Brief encounters can break down barriers not only between people, but also between people and animals. Maude Martha shows this when she finally traps the mouse in the trap. They seem to be communicating to each other about who won and what to do about it. She sees how the mouse is in acceptance about being caught, and the mouse is supposed to be her enemy. She then feels dirty in the fact that it is helpless and decides to let it go. That shows that a brief encounter like that broke down the wall between Maude Martha and the mouse. There do lie hidden qualities in each of us that a brief encounter will bring out and show to the world. The story that proves this is "The Grains of Paradise." I picked this because Pete Hoyle is in a pepper-eating contest with the Indians and they have all their money on the table that they probably own. Pete knows that he can beat the Indian and also realizes that if they loose, they will become even lower in the town. He gives up when he almost won and this shows that he has compassion for the people who are less fortunate than he is. A brief encounter can change somebody's life forever. This is true in the short story "The Good Samaritan." In this story there is a man who got severely beat and all his money got stolen.

Food Crisis Essay

According to World Bank, they blame that the food crisis in Africa are causing by trade barrier. A lot of countries in Africa are restricted importing food from the border. Due to unfertilized land in a lot of parts in Africa, it causes people to discourage to be a farmer, so the food supply is less. However, African population is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the demand for food will just keep increasing. As a result, the demand for food would exceed supply for food in Africa. Before I move on to the next examples, I need to explain about the result of the demand exceed supply. Identical products around the world should fix in the law of one price, which mean that the identical products should sell at the same price around the world. This is because if it is not the same price, the country that sell high price would go to buy the low price product from another country and sell it to their country. Therefore, the country that sell product for low price with get a result in increasing demand which result in increasing in price. The supply for the high price product will be more because people import to sell in country, which result in decreasing in price. At the result, both countries will sell product at the same price. This will cause the exporter by the rest of the world need to sell the product at the same price (world price). Therefore, we can draw it in the graph as vertical lines while the supply in the country as an upward-sloping and the demand is downward-sloping, but food is necessary product, so the line should be more inelastic. Now we can plot all of this in to a graph, and a graph will look like this. The import is horizontal because of the world price, so they need to supply at this price. As you can see from the graph, the import is restrict at only the small amount according to Africa, only 5 percent of the food import, which resulting in demand exceeding supply, so we can apply this to the food crisis by trade restriction. Therefore, the price of food is increasing because there is high demand for food than supply in Africa, while the farmer is not encouraging by the government because only a little profit goes to them even though the price is high due to the government policy, so he Africa people suffer from hunger due to the unaffordable price of food. Not only Africa that face food crisis, but also the world is suffered during 2008. According to Europe, they claim that the world food crisis is because the trade restriction of many countries in the world such as Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These trade restrictions cause the price of food in the world to increase. People cannot afford the high price. Thus, the food crisis occurs and suffers many countries around the world. Food crisis occur in the country may lead to other problem. For example, the protest in Egypt also cause by raising cost of food in the country because of trade restriction. In long term solution to solve food crisis should be that the government should not intervene food price because food is necessary product; they choose restrict on the unnecessary product such as cigarette or alcohol instead. 20 million people in Africa are suffering from hunger nowadays due to this food crisis causing by trade restriction.