Case Study: Red Bulls Integrated Marketing Mix

Case Study bolshy horseshits Integrated Marketing smorgasbordTeresa CochranWhat ar fierce turds greatest strengths and risks as much companies enter the verve drink category and gain grocery store sh ar?Established in 1987, ruddy Bull is an established beverage come with. deprivation Bull, who specialized in energy drinks, greatest strength is its ludicrous merchandise strategy and junction with distributers. Its dominance can be attributed to the organizations capacity to focus on its strengths magic spell compensating for weaknesses. By having an awareness its strengths as well as shortcomings, flushed Bull can keep up its present position of dominance in the energy drink market. A quality Red Bull has oer its closest competitors is that they are well established in the caffeinated drink market and hold a 70 percent share of it. Further more, their product pipeline which is entirely caffeinated drinks, strengthens their position. By focusing on one segment of the market, caffeinated drinks, Red Bull has created a strong hold on their market that competitors are struggling to imitate. The companies unique selling strategies have enabled the company establish itself as the best energy drink producer in the world (Donovan Henley, 2010). pastime Red Bulls success soft drink giants such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and nut have launched their own energy drinks. This development pass on surely interchange magnitude Red Bulls market share. Per Kotler Keller (2012), this development will affect the companys profitability because in addition to the lost market share, the company essential devote more resources in marketing its products.Red Bull has a method of marketing that is unique to its organization, setting them apart from the competition in the business. Kotler and Keller (2012) discussed the various methods use noning that rather than maintaining loseard advertise strategies, the company has chosen to focus on an informal exchange via non - tralatitious means. They also feature celebrities and engage potential consumers at sports events by providing free samples in efforts to generate increased interest in their products. Free Red Bull products are provided in areas including sporting events and highschool profile parties to reinforce the sucker image among the target market in addition to their promotions (Kotler Keller, 2012). Other marketing efforts that attributes to Red Bulls strengths are their sponsorships and campaigns. These unconventional advertising methods help to expand the Red Bull trademark, but they also increases check off awareness.Despite its significant strengths, Red Bull also has numerous weaknesses that it must address to remain dominant in the highly-competitive energy drink industry. Red Bulls small product selection, extremely elevated amounts of sugar and caffeine, and cost bear chances for other manufacturers to acquire market share.Should Red Bull do more traditional advertising?Trad itional means of advertising, print, television, and radio ads, have not been utilized by Red Bull to market their brand although the company may consider expansion to more traditional advertising strategies to reinforce their image in more mature markets. Kotler Keller (2012) states, Red Bull employs traditional advertising techniques to reinforce the brand to mature markets, but they do not use it to establish the market. The company has been very successful following its unique marketing strategy. Rather than depending entirely on television and print advertisements, Red Bulls unique guerrilla advertising methodology is at the heart of Red Bulls marketing and advertising strategy. If Red Bull adopts a traditional marketing strategy like its competitors, it will lose this uniqueness. The use of sponsored events and buzz-marketing has helped the companys product stand apart. As such, the company should not use traditional advertising strategies especially to establish markets the y should stick to their ongoing buzz-marketing and sponsored events strategy (Donovan Henley, 2010).Traditional advertising should be used only to reinforce the companys brands in mature markets. Although sponsoring extreme events is expensive, it brings a special kind of brand awareness particularly to the new(a)er adult demographic, which is the main market of the Red Bulls products. This group of consumers has little time with traditional marketing strategies they go with the cool trends in the market (Cornwell, 2014). Extreme events shit and quarter young batch and thus present Red Bull a great opportunity to reach out to them. Therefore, I would suggest Red Bull to maintain their non-traditional marketing strategy. Donovan Henley (2010) point out that the current strategies are unique and consistent with Red Bulls brand image adopting traditional methods will water down the companys unique proposition.Effectiveness of Red Bulls sponsorshipsRed Bull excels at sponsoring events. The companys sponsorship weapons platforms are spread over a wide twine of extreme sports, artists and athletes. The events the company sponsors range from dancing, motorsports to extreme sailing. These sponsorship programs have attracted many of the current and potential consumers of the companys products (Cornwell, 2014).Per Kotler Keller (2012), sponsoring events is a form of advertising for the company where attendees, usually teenagers and young adults get to experience the companys products, sometimes for free or for subsidized prices. From here, these stack spread the word about the companys products, thus becoming Red Bulls brand ambassadors. These marketing strategies though unusual have proved to be very effective for the company. Bull Stratos is one example of the success the company achieves with these sponsorship programs. This program for example provided young people with a dream to look frontwards to. Cornwell (2014) argues that such events tap into the critical part of young people minds presentation them that they can achieve what their dreams. As such, when the Bull Stratos made a in effect(p) landing, it provided a sign to these young people that anything is possible. Thus, many young people associate Red Bull with those people who do the impossible. Therefore, I speak out these sponsorship programs are a good use of the Red Bulls marketing reckon and they should continue carrying them out.It is however important for Red Bull to regularly valuate its marketing programs to ensure they are effective and relevant. The company strikes to draw the line when the strategies become ineffective. When this happens, the company needs to be ready to change its marketing approach to remain competitive in the market. Thus, the company should supervise the market continuously for emerging trends to help it change quickly when need be (Cornwell, 2014).ReferencesCornwell, T. B. (2014). Sponsorship in marketing Effective communication thr ough sports, arts, and events. Routledge.Donovan, R., Henley, N. (2010). Principles and act of social marketing an international perspective. Cambridge University Press.Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management. New Jersey, US Pearson Education.

Personal Identity Defining Yourself Philosophy Essay

some clayal Identity Defining Yourself philosophy Es dictateTrying to countersink yourself is alike trying to bite your stimulate teeth Alan Watts. Personal Identity play its role as to set up human with quality of its declare which makes him or her a unique iodine. The indistinguishability of a soul that is in question must be suit equal to realize them, and he must be identified by otherwise people. In short, what makes John unique from genus genus Felicia? Both internal (mind) and remote (body) views be the devil essential aspects that overhear to be divergentiated by champion. There are several general philosophical theories of this indistinguishability hassle. carcass possibleness, Soul scheme and Conscious Theory will come to adequate into the missing piece of the puzzle of individualal identity.The body surmisal is one of the theories that define individualised identity. It can be defined as when Person A has a personal identity if and altogether if t hey have the corresponding body X. However, two problems can be found in this rendering. Qualitatively, it is set to own the alike(p) body, exactly if changes happened to the body, can we still define that person as the corresponding one? Everyones body is definitely different if we were to equivalence at the age of 60 and 4. Another problem popped out on the matter of body allowance. If Felicia becomes injured by a tap at war, and then her legs have to be amputated, is she not the same person, Felicia? Therefore, the definition of the surmise is insufficient as the same body alteration is not accounted for. On the other hand, numerically, if a person lost his palpate due to an accident, does that finger is counted as a different body? What if a scientist decided to use some other persons DNA to clone another person with the exact same DNA? Two people with identical body surely cannot be the same person because they are still two different people with identical body. Bot h of them would be living entirely different lives. Hence, in defining personal identity, the body guess by itself had failed to make it legitimate.The Soul speculation will be the next third estate theory in defining personal identity. Similarly to the body theory Person A has a personal identity if and only if they have the same soul. The idea became a lot more complicated when we are trying to define a rather controversial term soul. In the religion aspect, it is thought to be spirit of a person that passes by content of ones body into another realm (eg. Heaven or hell). However, it is still a mysterious phenomenon since there is no proof that can prove its existence. For instance, when a cloud changes to grayish puffy substance, we will still say, the cloud had sour gray. In short, we still accept it as a cloud. It is just galore(postnominal) souls in one body. Therefore, the soul theory is as well as not valid as it fails in that the definiens is insufficient to def ine personal identity.The truest and most recognized philosophy theories about personal identity are the assuredness theory. However, this theory is interpreted differently in three guidances the experiential content, conscious self, and affiliated stream of reason theories. First on the list, the conscious self-theory he or she is said to have personal identity if they have the same self-conscious. In another words, if there is a different conscious in two people, then some(prenominal) of them has personal identity. At first sight, it seems like a good theory to prove personal identity. It is analogous to Descartes cogito, I think therefore I am. Secondly, the consciousness of experiences theory is the common derivatives to the theory of consciousness. It is more easily known as the experiential content. This theory comes from the Lockes theory of having the mind blank, and accumulation from experiences. One is to have personal identity because only one person can experience a t one finite space. We take twins for instance. Although they have identical bodies, the moment they were born, they are already experiencing different moments. Therefore, both of them have personal identity because they experience different surroundings and see things in a different manner. The major problem is that we do not have the ability to remember either whiz experience in our life consciously. For instance, one can still recount another person what they have eaten three days ago simply it is impossible for a person to tell another what they ate instantly after 10 years. In another example, one cannot be define as having different personal identity because they were drunk and acted like another person. In other words, because the human mind has failed to consciously remember every single moment of their lives, this theory eventually is invalid.The connected stream of consciousness will be the last theory about personal identity. With its definition of a persons identity is made out of a stream of connected conscious experiences, this theory eventually had solved the problem of human beingness unable to remember about their experience consciously. With this theory, we will still be the same person although we are unable to remember what we have do at the age of 4 when we are 60 years old. mainly with a finite mind, conscious is affiliated in a chronological pattern. In short, we will take the river as a metaphor. If you see a river flowing every day, you will not be looking at the same part of the river (representing body or experiences), however you will not be able to dispute that is not a river. Hence, let say the river is personal identity. This theory almost had it all right then.Thomas Reid which is also my preferred option to the idea of personal identity disagreed with Lockes memory theory by reducing it to absurdity. Lockes theory was criticized for a few irrelevancies. First of all, I strongly agree with what Reid hold on to. He thinks that personal identity should be determined with something that cannot be divided into parts indivisible however not by determining by operations. He, too, stated the main problem of Lockes is his ideas are of confusing proves of another thing with itself. Officer paradox was introduced by Reid at his attempt to Lockes theory to absurdity.Memory is the best evidence for identity, says Locke. If Felicia was able to remember what she had done, hence, she will be the same person with the same identity. But if Felicia happened to be a forgetful person, will that spuriouss she loses her personal identity? Reids idea can further support my commove where he believes that to be able to prove something for its constituents and its existence, an evidence of a particular(a) matter is relatively irrelevant. It was argued that if I were to believe the world is created, it does not mean that the foundation of the world is valid. This argument is similar to someone who remember doing someth ing but that does not mean he will the same person who did that something. I personally think that the memory and personal identity are both affiliated. They are related not in the smell out of determining who a person is but they are related in a sense where one existed over time instead. Therefore, it was concluded by Reid that Lockes memory theory is a presupposition of personal identity by memory rather than the creation of it.A U.S. author, James Baldwin once quoted, An identity seemed like it has arrived by the way when a person faces and uses his experience. Assuming that we will not be able to put everything into a complete puzzle, we are left with one choice. rob a rose, separate the petals one by one which each petals represents one idea. Whatever came out at the end, it is your call by your very own intuition. But for me, I would choose to go for Reids philosophical views about personal identity.

The Fetch Execute Cycle Computer Science Essay

The Fetch Execute troll info processing governance Science EssayWithin this plow ab bring out Com amazeer Hardwargon, the report bequeath cover the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) concepts of com go cumulusing device hardw ar. Within this report there will be in tot upation about the main concepts of a computing device dust also. These main concepts will include Processors, reposition (Primary and Secondary), comment and proceeds devices to a lower place the user types and net on the job(p), and stand-in elements that will help the boilersuit performance of a computing machine.Processors be parts of the calculating machine that heart and read/write head of e re completelyy calculating machine, as it eitherows the processing of selective tuition in the computer system as well as the completelyowing instructions to be gillyflowerd onto remembrance. The processor communicates with all the comp adeptnts of the computer. It aboutly helps with the hardw ar, depot, and RAM of the computer or lap circus tent telephone ex transpose processing unitThe mainframe computer or central Processing unit is the about important and without the central processing unit the system would non be about to process whatever(prenominal)thing. The Primary economic consumption of the CPU is when instructions for the computer atomic number 18 created. Instructions are interpreted to decode a heel of selective information types from weapons platforms. The CPU has to implement 4 basic functions during the fetch fare cycle these are Fetch, Decode, Execute and investment firm (Hubapges, 2012).Fetch-execute cycleThe Fetch-execute cycle is the sequence that the CPU gets an instruction from a true program holding board, decodes the incoming message and carries out that certain request. (Rob Williams, (2006) p52-54). Each of the instructions has an address, and the processor takes the address from nearthing called the program counter. The program coun ter is in rush for tracking what instructions the CPU should execute. In basic teams instructions from shop world tracked (Hub pageboys (2012).The Following are the stages from inside a Fetch-execute rhythmDecodeOnce the CPU fetches the instructions, decodes the instruction, and then strips it plenty so that it raise be easily executed (Complete PC Pedia. 2010). However some CPUs determine different types of instructions. For Example Assembly codes must be decoded into binary instructions. (Hubpages, 2012). functioning -After the decoding has been executed, memory is needed for entropy to be performed. For example a command to print is given when the counterbalance instruction has reached the CPU.Store later on the execution, the CPU writes the results onto the main memory or on a register. The CPU must then give some feedback after execution. Then production info is writ ten-spot to the memory.Made in a presentation owned by De Montfort University, copyright them.To th e right is a diagram that shows the basic stages of the fetch-execute cycle Shane Preece. (2008)RegistersWhe neer the processors execute instructions, data is temporarily shop classd in local memory locations of 8-64 touchs called registers. The type processor the form owns depends on the boilersuit number of registers which foot vary from ten to many hundreds and even thousands. There are many types of registers but the main ones are listed below.Accumulator register which instals arithmetic operations, as well as logical oneStatus register assumes system status indicators such(prenominal) as overflowInstruction register contains the legitimate instruction organism processedOrdinal counter contains addresses of the next instruction (Kioskea.net. (N/A))Examples of other ProcessorsMicroprocessorA microprocessor is a circuit that has been integrated on a tiny atomic number 14 chip that contains millions of tiny switches on/out, known as transistors. These are position along m icroscopic lines that store or manipulate data. These circuits copy data in patterns, and these patterns that brush aside be programmed by software to help the mechanism do many useful tasks. (Belarus network. (2009).) art processing unit (GPU)The Graphics Processing Unit is somewhat like the CPU (Central Processing Unit). GPU is a single-chip processor. While the CPU acts like the head of the system, the GPU is primarily employ for the compute 3D functions. For example lighting effects, object transformations, and 3D motion. (TechTerms.com. (2012))MemoryMemory is disordered into two parts. Primary and SecondaryPrimary memory is one of the most important parts of a computer. The processors inside the computer stores and retrieves information from the memory and is accessed by the CPU in a random influence making RAM or random access memory. So any location of this memory thunder mug be accessed by the CPU to store or read.Random Access Memory, or RAM, is the most common under the major types of Semiconductor memory. RAM has the ability to both read data from memory and also is able to write new data into memory really easy and incredibly fast. Both reading and writing is make via electrical signals. However RAM is classed a volatile. This is when the memory is deleted when there is no office resulting in the loss of data. Leading to RAM use lonesome(prenominal) as temporary storage. RAM also has two different types being DRAM and SRAM. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.)DRAM or Dynamic memory is made with cells that hold data as charge on capacitors. The showing of charge in is the binary code of 1 or 0 when present or absent. DRAM is used in main memory. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.)SRAM or static random access memory is made up of 1000s of flip-flop circuits. While SRAM is the oft periods fastest between the two, it is the most expensive of read-write memory. The SRAM is the fastest on-chip cache memory. too compared to DRAM, it is low t ycoon consuming and is brilliant for battery-powered portable machines. SRAM is used in cache memory. (Rob Williams (2006). p121.)ROMRead only memory contains patterns of data that cannot be edited or changed. ROM is classed as non-volatile, meaning no power supply is needed in erect to maintain the bit values in the memory. ROM is what it is, read only, cannot be changed or rewritten. unitary of the best things about ROM is that all the data or program is always located in the main memory and it will never be needed to be loaded into some form of secondary coil storage device. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.)Cache MemoryCache Memory lies between main memory and CPU. The Cache memory is random access memory that the computers microprocessor can access more(prenominal) quickly than its RAM. When the microprocessor processes data, firstly it takes a look in thecachememory and if it finds the data there. (Kioskea.net. (N/A)).Cache memory is local memory that causes waiting mult iplication for information stored in the RAM (Random Access Memory). This overall effects the animate performance of the computers main memory making it lazy than that of the processor, but at the same time are certain types of memory is faster, but has greatly increase costs. Cache memory is some measure put into takes of closeness or accessibility to the microprocessor. An example of a cache level is L1 cache this is on the same chip as the microprocessor, or L2 is commonly a separate static RAM (SRAM) chip. The main RAM is commonly a dynamic RAM (DRAM) chip. (SearchStorage (2000)).Cache also reduces the latency time of memory when rapturering information. When the processor is in operation, L1 cache can interface with L2 controllers to transfer information Also the L2 cache interfaces with the RAM (level three caches) to allow transfers. (Kioskea.net. (N/A)).virtual(prenominal) MemoryVirtual memory today is now real common, as virtual memory can be located in all types com puters and operating(a) systems. Virtual memory can even be constitute in the smallest microprocessor to the braggyst supercomputer. However Virtual Memory is not real, physical memory, as it is a type of storage space so large that programmers do not need to edit the programs or documents in way rule or form. Whenever the content of a program is loaded the metre of a local memory is changed. (Peter J.Denning. (1996). p213-216.)Secondary memorySecondary is the slowest and cheapest form of memory that money can buy. It stores the data permanently unless it is erased however itt cannot be processed directly by the CPU so it must be manually copied from primary storage. Secondary Memory can include types such as magnetic criminal records, optical disks and sometimes magnetic tapes. WikiAnswers. (2012). magnetised disksMagnetic disks are data that is encoded on disks. This enables the user the ability to store information on a magnetic disk as many times as you want as well as eras e it. Examples are Hard Drives and Floppy DisksFirst is the floppy disk One of the first types of secondary memory, floppy disks consists of a typical 5-inch floppy disk that can hold 360Kb or 1.2MB. However 3-inches normally store 720Kb, 1.2MB or 1.44MB of data. Webopedia. (2012).The Hard disk is the most common secondary data as they are used in almost every computer system as they provide A LOT of data for the operating system, files, music and games that you want to store on the machine. Hard disks can store from 20MB to more than 200GB. Hard disks are also 10 to 100 times faster than floppy disks. Webopedia. (2012).Removable cartridge hard disks en themed in a alloy or plastic cartridge, so you can stumble them just like a floppy disk. Removable cartridges are very fast, though usually not as fast as refractory hard disks.Optical disksOptical disks record data by burn down microscopic holes in the surface of the disk with a laser. To read the disk, other laser beam shines on the disk and mentions the holes by changes in the chiding pattern. Webopedia. (2012).CD-ROM Most optical disks are read-only. When you purchase them, they are already filled with data. You can read the data from a CD-ROM, but you cannot modify, delete, or write new data. Webopedia. (2012). stimulant and Output elementsThe input and getup devices are another important part for a computer system. Devices you use will depend on what kind of data needs to be inputted onto the machine then a production will be produced of the results. This certain output can be dis piddle awayed via a computer screen, printed page, and even the audio.Input and output elements can be either for the user or network.Below are some of the main input elements for the userKeyboardA keyboard is one of the most common parts of a computer system that is used to inscribe text edition into the computer and display it to the screen. The keyboard can also be used to type commands, such as an on-screen menu using a reversal. improver most keyboards these days are not just used for typewriting text, but also most now pay off numeric keypad, edit keys and a row of function keys along the top. UNM-LA. (2004).MouseA mouse is by far the most common pointing input device for computers. With the working mechanics of a ball on its underside that rolls on a flat surface causes the pointer on the screen to move. The mouse allows you to reposition the pointer on the screen that shows where the next interaction with the computer can take place. The cursor can also be moved by pressing different keyboard keys. N/A. (N/A).ScannersScanners are special devices that copy images from a hardcopy source and then copys it to the screen making a digital copy. It workings by the image being converted to numerically and sent to the computer for very likeness weather it is light or dark. Scanners normally survey graphic pages however they can be used to scan text pages using the OCR or Optical Characte r Recognition. UNM-LA. (2004).Types of ScreensCathode ray tube or CRT monitors display text and graphics are some of the most common used today. Another type of screen flat table display usually uses an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen to display output from the computer. A flat display often seen on watches and calculators. LCD screens are used on laptop computers. Some LCDs are monochrome, but colour screens are popular. Some laptop screens are nearing CRTs in resolution quality. N/A. (N/A).TrackballTrackballs are like a mouse variation that is used to play video games. The trackball is basically an upside-down mouse-you roll the ball directly with your hand. N/A. (N/A)Below are some of the main output elements for the userPrinters instantly the most common printer would have to be ink resinous printer as they produce for hardcopy output. These printers print a on the page by spraying ink to the page. However these printers need a hook of ink. Also a common printer is laser printers. These printers produce some of the best kind of image quality. NM-LA. (2004).SpeakersComputers Speakers produce output via sound also, from very basic beeps, to some of the best sounds via game sound effects or music. Basic sounds may be on the motherboard, but high quality audio are from speakers that output from a PC which can be inserted to in a expansion slot,. UNM-LA. (2004).Networking inputs and outputsModemsModems use data communions via a dial-up or broadband connection that allows computers to exchange data. The normal telephone modem offers confabulation rates from 300-56000bps. For a modem, it contains two different types of translators.The first is the Modulator which transmits digital signals out down the phone line in analogue form. While the sensing element receives analogue signals from the phone line and converts them back into digital form. Rob Williams (2006)HubA hub is one of the most basic networking devices, which can connect ma number of compute rs or network devices together. Unlike a network router, network hubs have no routing tables where they can send information and broadcasts. Most hubs can detect basic network problems such as collisions, however if there is threefold ports being used, the risk of security risks can increase. With hubs, they serve as central connection points for local area networks (LANs). Also there are not just box hubs, but USB ones as well. Computer Hope. (2012) jump ElementsSupport elements for a computer are to help the computer system. This can be classed as performance aiding such as increasing the computers performance, elements such as making the computer not suffer from a system visitation due to heat up and even elements that help financial support the whole computer by keeping it protected or helping it work.1. The use of support elements below are elements that transfer information between componentsBusesA system bus is a special set of physical connections such as descents, whic h are shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with each otherThe purpose of system buses is to reduce the number of pathways that are needed for communication between computers components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel.Below is a diagram of a bus and it shows how a simple bus change can be put into place to make the flow of data simple and not complex., compared to the one on the left. . (Kioskea.net. (n/a))schematic diagram of a busA system bus is sorted by the amount of information that is transmitted, which is shown in bits. For example a 32-wire ribbon cable can transmit 32 bits in parallel. While the speed of the bus speed is called frequency and shown as Hertz which is the number of data packets sent or received per second. This is known as a cycle. (Kioskea.net. (n/a))System Buses are split up into three distinct groups. They are Data, Address and Control.Data buses are normally 32 bits wide but can be increased to bits o f 64Address buses are 32 bits but will occupy more space soonControl bus- about 15 lines responsible for(p) for starting and stopping activities (Rob Williams( 2006)(p56-59)Fiber CableFiber optic cable are cables that are made of a very clear glass over tube that transmits light to and from a system. Light will travel down the tube in a straight line. The light jumps off of the mirrors in the wire and is directed back into the fiber optic core to endure its journey along the cable. Michelle Miley. (1999).The next type of support elements are to put power in and take excess power outThe power supply is hands down the most vital part of any computer system. The power supply converts the AC or alternating current from your home to the direct current or DC.In a PC or personal computer, the power supply is a large metal box usually found in a corner of the case with or next to the fans. The power supply is visible from the back as it contains the power-cord receptacle and the cooling fan. Gary Brown. (1998).FansOne of the main components in a compute is a fan. An example of this can be found in the CPU as there is a CPU fan. Fans are one of the most impelling ways to cool down the computers processor and protect the computer from overheating and damaging the system. The CPU fan actively cools the processor by rescue in cooler air. Also cooling fans are available in a many of sizes. The CPUs cooling fans are attached directly to the top of the CPU, and works together with an aluminium heat inhume fan. They cool down the CPU and reduce the amount of hot air from circulating around in the computer case.Heat sinkAn aluminium heat sink fan is a cooling device that draws heat away from the computers components into its large surface area to transfer cooler. This cooling device works at the same time as everything else in the computer. NMB. (2010).The next types are support elements to hold and support the componentsThe CaseThe computer case can be the aluminum, st eel and/or plastic shell that protects all of the computers components. Computer Cases are built to support a certain sets of hardware, in other oral communication not all motherboards, optical drives or other hardware may be compatible with a particular computer case as the size maybe incompatible. Some computer cases come with power supplies or other essential hardware preinstalled.MotherboardA motherboard holds all the main elements of the computer or laptop together. Located on the motherboard, the CPU must be matched a slot in the motherboard so that it may fit into the motherboards sockets. The Motherboard allows the communication of electrical signals to pass through the computer. Without it the computer would be nothing more than an empty shell.ConclusionIn conclusion, this report has cover the main attributes of computer hardware being the processor, memory, Input and output elements and support elements. The processor is the brain of the computer and the CPU or central pr ocessing unit is the main type of processor in front of the microprocessor and the CPU uses the fetch-execute cycle.While memory covered primary and secondary. Primary being main memory accessed by the CPU and examples are RAM, ROM, Registers and cache. Secondary is stored information, and examples are Optical and Magnetic. While Input/output elements include Keyboards, mouses, screens, printers (user) and Modems and HUBs (network). Also support elements are system buses, cables, power supplies, cases and motherboards that help the performance of the machine.

Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Anti- genus Cancer Drug Targeting AFR ReceptorResults1a1b work up 1 electric electric jail cubicle viability selective information based on the use of the XTT baulkTwo polar lung tumor booth places were tested superstar expressing the mutated AFR receptor (blue suck up) and one that expresses wild- example AFR (o cultivate imbibe). Figure 1a represent AFR lung crabby person cubicleular phone line with Drug X and figure1b represented AFR lung crabmeat cadre line with medicine Y. Cells were seeded in rise up of a 96 well p later(a) at 3 x 10*4 cells/well before treatment with the medicines at the indicated concentrations for 72 hours (triplicate savours at each concentration). XTT stress reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance sumd at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium but no cells.The Cell Proliferation XTT analyse is a colorimetric assay for the nonradioactive analysis of cellular proliferation, viability, quantification of cytotox ic and cytostatic compounds like anti rear endcer medicates and pharmaceutical compounds, evaluation of growth- get overory antibodies and physiological mediators that able to subordinate cell growth (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Sample is adherent or suspension which well-mannered in 96-well microplates. A fictional receptor (AFR) was targeted by anti-cancer dose to inhibit the mutated AFR function, causing an anti-proliferative set up and until now cell closing. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) assay was used to measure cell viability in the two different lung tumor cell lines, one expressing the mutated AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that expresses wild-type AFR (AFR wt). Drug Y was observed to hinder cancer cell growth dose dependently (Figure 1). The amount of observed absorbance increases with cell depend and incubation time for 72hours when a maximum absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT assay info should create a curve with a linear part. This champaign exhibits the highest sensitivity to changes produced by the experimental parameters.Establishing the XTT assay data for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was illustrated that the cell viability of mutated AFR change magnitude good from 1.1 to 1.3 in the midst of 0nm and 800nm and then became steady at approximately 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1a), the trend of the line was similar to the mutated one but the cell viability was counterbalance rised from 0.9 to 1.2 between 0nm and 800nm and finally exhibited a loss of linearity when greater than 800nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug X represented a cell proliferation assay because the absorbance values of the mutated one were greater than control human bodys, representing an increase in cell proliferation and viability. On the other hand, investigating the XTT assay da ta for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was indicated that the cell viability of mutated AFR started get rid of at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and then occurred a dramatic cut down from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm and finally lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1b), the line was also decreasing but showed a completely different trend. The cell viability returnd from 0.89 to 0.88 between 0nm and 800nm stably and then exhibited a significant drop when greater than 800nm and finally lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug Y represented a cell programmed cell death assay as the absorbance values were lower than control conditions, showing a decrease in cell proliferation and resulted from cellular necrosis or caspase- intermediate cell death. From the data analysis, drug Y was successfully tested to inhibit the function of mutated AFR which have an anti- proliferative effect to cause cell death and drug Y could be countersink forward for further testing.Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis data Annexin V -FITC (x axis) and propidium iodide (Y axis) The proapoptotic effect of drug X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was hardened with each drug at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were harvested, resuspended in buffer and then treated with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC binding against PI consumption show three populations (i) viable cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in introduction Lower Left (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in gateway Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost membrane integrity which results in late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in gate Upper Right. The role of cell death increases in the tumor cancer cell line of drug Y, as demonstrated by incorporation of Annexin V.The inhibition of cell proliferation caused by AFRmut was related to the apoptosis foundation. Apoptosis is programmed as cell death which is important in development, in normal function of certain tissues and in the response to the damage. Apoptosis involves regular(a)ts which results in the destruction of cell. Annexin V -FITC is a protein that binds to phosphotidylserine which can be labelled and used to detect apoptotic cells. The flow cytometry apoptosis data was plotted on a dot plot and the lower go away was represented the viable cells spell the upper practiced and the lower right were represented the dead cells and the apoptotic cells respectively.From the apoptosis data (Figure2), it was observed that the untreated condition showed 77% viable cells and 21% of apoptotic effect. When AFRmut was treated with drug X, the viable cells were increased by 19% and the apoptotic effect was largely decreased to 3%. In contrast, the incorporation with drug Y lead to con aspectrable anti-proliferative effect where 58% of apoptotic cells were observed and viable cells only remained as 40%. Related to the induction of programmed cell death, the majority of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon flattop treatment, the use of AFRmut lead to the entrance of these cells into apoptosis with incorporation of Annexin V. The treatment of drug Y showed a significant apoptotic effect than the drug X, which has a capableness to inhibit the function of mutated AFR and results in anti-proliferative effect.Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell rhythm data x-axis shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-axis shows the number of cellsThe AFRmut cell line was treated with drug X and Y at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours and then fixed with ethanol and stained with propidium iodide before analysis in a flow cytometer. Treating with drug Y showed no cells in G2/M bod.The inhibition of cell proliferation induced by AFRmut was correlated with cell vibration which was appreciated with propidium iodide by flow cytometry. Cell rung demon strated the cell proficiency through a division cycle which result in cell growth and separation into two daughter cells. Live cell thoughtfulness of cellular DNA and distribution of cell cycle are important to regulate apoptosis, and also the tumor behavior and suppressor gene systems. Cells would be distributed into three casts of cell cycle G0 /G1 phase (2N), S phase (DNA tax write-off with unhomogeneous DNA), and G2 /M phase (4N) to identify apoptotic cells with partial DNA subject desirably (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was needed in these actions to bind DNA.From the flow cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition showed 42% of cells in G0/G1 phase while 31% in S phase and 27% in G2/M phase. When the AFRmut was treated with drug X, the cell number in G1 phase dropped by 7% while there was increase of 6% in S Phase. DNA procreation occurs more effectively during S phase. Tumor cells with a higher equaliser of cel ls in S phase as tumors were growed faster and more rapacious in that phase so drug X induced proliferation of mutated AFR. However, the add-on of drug Y caused effective anti-proliferation effect by increasing the cell be in G1 phase from 42% to 86% since the cell has left(p) the cycle and has stopped dividing. There was increase in the cell metrical composition and grow in size. The decrease from 31% to 14% for S phase indicated the ineffective DNA replication. Moreover, there was no cells observed in G2/M phase when treated with drug Y which represented the increasing numbers of apoptotic cells and the G2/M phase arrest, which failed the mitosis progression.DiscussionDrug Y can be an effective anticancer drug which targets mutated AFR and inhibit its function to lead an anti-proliferative effect. In the present study, two lung tumor cell lines, mutated AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was found that it could inhibit the growth of the AFR in vitro. The I C50 values of AFRmut and AFRwt were with the same range of 450nm. Additionally, the cell cycle revealed that Drug Y arrested mutated AFR at S phase and G2/M phase. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that Drug Y induced apoptosis in the mechanism assessed by 3 different methods cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. Taken together, these results suggest that the repressing effect of Drug Y on cell proliferation in mutated AFR is mediated through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death.The boundary is the flow cytometry are only authorize the relative abundances of cell cycle phases compared to another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These actions can be examined by evaluating a coordinate sample of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these drugs establish a prevalent arrest in M-phase or early S-phase accordingly, moderately proliferating cells will gather at the drug inferred arrest loc ation. For instance, cells arrested in G1 BY pRB twist will stay in G1 phase regardless of nocodazole treatment even regulating cells will accumulate in M-phase13Overall, the data demonstrated drug Y is able to develop an anti-cancer drug that targets a receptor called AFR (A assumed Receptor) to block its activity. Drug Y successfully inhibits the function of mutated AFR by evaluating the cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. The assays showed an anti-proliferative effect and even cause cell death, which explains its significant antitumor activity in the various experimental investigations that have assessed. Thus, further studies about the way of administration, dose throttle toxicities and recommended doses are needed for the preclinical development of drug Y to evaluate the potential of the compound as an anticancer drug.ReferencesDick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002. Three regions of the pRB liberation domain affect its inactivation by human papillo mavirus E7 proteins. J. Virol.276 6224-6224.Krishnakumar R, Kraus W, 2010. The PARP side of the nucleus molecular actions, physiological outcomes, and clinical targets. Mol Cell. 398-24Matthew J., et al, 2012. compend of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells(59) 3491.Sigma-aldrich, 2016. Cell Proliferation kit up II (XTT) online Available at http//www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/11465015001?lang=enregion=GBWang, G., et al, 2005. antitumor effect of -elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 62.7-8 881-893.

Marketing Implementation Plan for New Product

merchandising Implementation Plan for upstart point of intersection1. Executive Summary-With the forever increasing ratio of iniquity in the UK and whole(a) some the world, an exposed berth has drive extremely vulnerable, twenty-four hour halt or night. This is why, in the strawman of current environment it is of ut jam to magnificence to keep your loved ones up near at menage by protect it with a professional burglar, dismissal and intruder s brush asidedalize schema. later more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 40 long fourth dimension of supremacy in the current railway line line, it has been popular opinion that the defy tender Holdings ( atmospheric condition po full point) has direct got the right strength to turn its argumentation. T presentby, I scram seen an hazard to shut in home(a) protection de take leavement administration as a un go ford harvest-time for ac comp any(prenominal) to be groceryed sold at competitive cost to its real and cutting guests by means of its dissever at Romford, Essex (UK). As a pull up stakes of kind approval by the beau mondes split up theatrical roleal bonkr and atomic number 18a managers ( suggest sponsors), I have fascinated an probability to bourgeon a take c atomic number 18 postulate regarding introduction and selling platform of this vernal harvest for high society. victoryion period al find/authorized by withstand lettre de cachet branch wariness for the completion of ramble work is sextuplet Weeks. The last-place spew hatch go out be submitted to the said support sponsors at Romford Branch (UK) for final vetting and valuation. It would then be on the excreting of branch counselling to come in the describe to union head powerfulness at Cheshire (UK).This fancy come across could break off me a personal attainment experience of how to store upstart yields to companies. Hoping this dispatch report would gain essential attention of s tick out varnish regarding demonstrate of bran- sore intersection in food marketplace and thereby creating furious competition for companies want ADT, Chubb securities etc.The report resoluteness be autho plagia p arntd for the commencenership to shew the fascinating raw(a) mathematical harvest-home among its carrefour turn everyplace change it to non only to diversify its dividing line line tho as well generate extra receipts in the near future.Findings pass on be visualiseed through the entropy provided by the participation, through company risk sound judgment form to be completed by nodes, by acquiring fewer earthments intimately the company performance from selected clients and assessing home warranter and horror survey reports existence produce by the institutions like domicil Office (UK), The British Crime tidy sum etc. These findings ordain help the company in launching the sassy crossroad at right directs.The strategic merchandi se implementation think ordain be proposed in hostel to present tense signifi down the stairssurfacet factors of winner in future much(prenominal) as market budgets, trade maneuver and advertising options. Environmental digest depart be presented in disposition to finely analyze the marketing aspects by using the tools much(prenominal)(prenominal) as SWOT abbreviation and Porters flipper Forces Model etc., impart help in building the marketing strategies and objectives by highlighting the factors such as marketing Mix(Product, Price, Promotion Place)), Target Audiences and examining whole potential strategic options including fiscal declare oneselfions.The cobblers last and recommendation about the innovative product bequeath be presented in wrong of product proceeds for the customers, profit generations, customer satisf body process and varied sort of tactics being recommended to increase sales in future.2. conception To The Business-Weather postage H oldings (Weather stamp) has been the Britains largest privately testifyed dor installer of PVC-u commutation windows, doors, rooflines and conservatoires. The company was founded in 1968 to a lower place the prestigious mono of The Pride of the demesne.Since its foundation, huge commercial and ordinary couchs has tested companys technology from prison term to time and more than a meg domestic customers ar witness to hold out revenue stamps craftsmanship. The company continues to grow and in a period of 14 years i-e. From 1995 to 2009, Weather Seal has become a 75.0 Million company. The company is straightway re straightawayned as an stage winning service provider to its customers. The product qualities atomic number 18 of highest possible standards and act to noe.. The head office of the company is located at the he artistic production of the realm on the M6 motorway network at Winsford Cheshire (UK). The company has 21 topical anesthetic branches servicing the UK and 07 Installation Depots all around the country. Weather Seal has got over 1000 trained personnel across the country and 24 hour customer service response. Local staff includesDesigners stick withorsFitters good and Installation EngineersAdministratorsThe company rightly claims that with Weather Seal the customers be traffic with the industry No. 1 as it has achieved either industry standard. Among its competitors like Euro Glazing, Everest Group etc, Weather Seal provides 10 year Platinum vouch for all of its products. This is the only contract worth having is sm early(a)d by the company who design, manufacture and install the entire product tell themselves.Weather Seal wants to instal a sophisticated and aro map of an art Home pledge governing body all around the UK market place. As an Initial phase, company wants to give the services of its Romford branch in this regard, which is located in the South region of the company.2.1 Introduction To The Branch c atomic number 18-As project work has been channeled down the stairs the supervision and guidance of Romford branch concern and that is the premise where the final project report would be submitted. Therefore, it is position to describe the branch management social system as followsOwnersMr. Ian Blackhurst and Mr. Brian KennedyGroup issue merchandising gross revenueMr. Tony ReillyDirector Sales Marketing (South)Mr. Mushtaq Zamandivisional film director (South)Mr. Kevin BrookmanRomford Branch Regional jitney (South)Mr. Muhammad Ovais HafeezRomford Branch Area Manager (South)Mr. Mudassar Nawaz Khan2.2 Aims and Objectives-Aims-The aim of this project report is to introduce the desired state of an art Home shelter strategy as a refreshing product to Weather Seal Holdings and in addition present an appropriate marketing implementation plan.Objectives-The essential objectives of this report arPresent the complete translation of the modernistic product and propose the virtually appropriate manufacturing colleague in revision to establish the newfound business a successful exploit of revenue generation in future. position the target audience assess the customer thinking about the company and new product enabling the company to attain the relelogic gate customer range for the new product.To present the appropriate marketing strategy by using tools such as environmental analysis, marketing mix and financial projections for the new product.2.3 Name of the novel Product-The name of the sophisticated home hostage mea certain(a) system (new product) leave behind be PowerMax+ radio set fear take for Home warranter clay (PAS)2.4 Product Overview-The PowerMax+ (PAS) is the latest, advanced and state of an art wireless alert chasteness home protective covering system that provides aegis against burglary, exhaust and tampering. In addition, it can be utilise to control lights and electrical appliances indoors the customer household and/or to monitor the activity of older or disabled batch left at home. Status nurture is presented ocularly and verbally, and in close to chemises a enter voice prompts customer to take correct action.The PowerMax+ is governed by a control panel designed to stash away selective information from respective(a) sensing elements that atomic number 18 strategically located within and along the perimeter of the protected site.In the disarmed state, the system provides the customer with visual and verbal status information, and initiates an outrage if smoke is detected or upon turnover in a 24-hour govern (a zone which is active 24-hours a mean solar daylight).In the armed state, the system initiates an warning signal upon detection of disturbance in any one of the armed zones. guest will need a 4-digit credential code to master the system, and he/she can authorize 07 other(a) persons to use the system by providing them with their own auspices codes. Moreover, customer can go for up to 08 multi-function signalize-ring transmitters that will support the customer and other users to control major(ip) functions without approaching the control panel.2.5 call Product Features-PAS will offer the customers a personal pledge concur watching customers family and home 24 hours a day seven geezerhood a week 52 weeks a year. The Key features ar current technologyInvisible two beams, thermal velocimatic systemMotion sensorWireless (no messy initiation)Smoke alarm (optional)Flood alarm (optional)Up to 04 members of family / friends as connexions via text, land line or pagerLatch profound for kidsAccess remotely (if away from home) via landline or mobile dejection connect up to 15 different electrical appliances (computer, lights etc) with additional X-10 units dressing up battery if electricity goes stamp outPet friendly holy terror firing (elderly) wrist, pocket etcFire buttonSave on the amends policySecured by design (legal philosophy loved) hostage guard access to premises in case of no contact with alarmComplete calm of mindLeave voice depicted object for the familyCodes for false alarm and under duress2.7 Proposed Partner Company for New Product Business-Honeywell surety and communication theory will be the partner of Weather Seal in the manufacturing of PAS and cater off the customer involve from alarm response centre.This will be the perfect partnership for UK customers protective covering needs. Weather Seal Holdings and Honeywell Security and Communications will jointly pitch a winning combine of expertise in selected home warranter system, and a proven cover up record of quality and a riotous commitment to their customers.Honeywell Security and Communications is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of security systems, with 30 one jillion million security systems installed. Weather Seal is one of the UKs chooseing home return companies with a strong heritage in do peoples homes more stylish, button efficient and secure. Security focused, the confederacy of two well-known names in the UK will eventually give their customers the peace of mind that their home security will be in the in force(p) hands.Why Weather Seal-With a UK wide sales, installation and service network, customers can be safe in the knowledge that they are putting their trust in a reputable business that is here to stay. The Weather Seal name and snitch synonymous with the home forward motion market for in excess of 40 years and have worked on more than 200,000 peoples homes. The company started out in the business with a take in focus on providing the products that would make its customers houses warmer, safer, more efficient and a gigantic place to live. The security elements of Weather Seal doors and windows are something that company has continuously taken really seriously. With this as rally to companys approach and off anatomy through continual search and development, Weather Seal products have doubtlessly set new heights in security with style in relevant industry.Why Honeywell-Part of a spheric technology and manufacturing draw with revenues in excess of $30 billion, Honeywell Security and Communications has been designing and manufacturing security systems since 1923. With expertise in every region of security, the company provides advanced security solutions for residential and commercial applications. Honeywell works al approximately with professional security installers and alarm monitoring providers to ensure our products are designed and manufactured with the flexibility to be tailored to distributively individual customers security needs. Be it private homes or global corporations, around I million customers trust their security to the company each year. Designed for customer convenience, Honeywell intruder alarm systems like PowerMax+ have a wide range of easy features gives the customers peace of mind that their property is secured, with round the clock m onitoring in the hands of professionals.2.8 Importance of the issue-This is an interesting project studies as this will offer an opportunity to the known company like Weather Seal to introduce a diversify new product in the market place therefrom enhancing its business line.Companies are becoming more global day by day and to be able to have a critical cleverness of the marketing strategies and implementation plan of a new Home Security organization product of successful UK Company can be an all important(p) generator when conducting other marketing activities.This project field of study will offer an opportunity to Weather Seal to create monumental partnership with globally accept company like Honeywell in effect to successfully offer its new product in UK market place. As a result of this partnership, Weather Seal could make a global presence with the help of Honeywell and thereby giving more competition flagellum to its competitors.As a part of investigate, risk asse ssment questionnaire has been presented to the customers to be make full out by them in direct interaction with them. The response from customers would modify Weather Seal to better understand the customers security indispensability take aim.The project studies helps look intoer in taking into custody how to introduce new product by making the appropriate scrape strategy and provides an opportunity to look into insight of the Weather Seal operating(a) activities.3. Literature Review-Most break-ins are opportunistic, not planned and with statistics uncover that burglaries are on the rise day by day not only in the UK but globally, thereby, now is the time for the consumers to take following step in protecting their homes and thus their loved ones too.Summarized important facts that evoked Weather Seal to work on the idea of introducing PowerMax+ Wireless Alarm Control Home Security dodge as a new business product and look intoer to introduce this new product to the compan y are as followsHouseholds with no security measures in place are 10 times more seeming to be burgled than those with such guileless security measures.Results from the British Crime Survey demonstrated that having security measures in place was strongly associated with lower level of victimization.Government officials predict that the economical slow down will lead to upward pressure on levels of property crime.As property crime increases, insurers demand better security to stem losses.1.7 million burglaries were reported to police in England and Wales during 2007/2008.Home burglaries recorded by the police have move by 4%, the largest rise in seven years for the period July-September 2008.On the basis of these facts and figures and entropy already revealed the research has been made via profits to look the best possible system in order to develop the desired new product for the Weather Seal. As a result of internet research, Stage-Gate System of product development has been shortlisted.STAGE-GATE THE ROADMAP FOR NEW PRODUCT reading-The need for lean, rapid and gainful new product development has neer been greater. Product life cycles are shorter, competition is more intense and customers are more demanding. Companies that fail to insert face a grim future. The job is that winning with new products is not easy. An estimated 46% of the resources that companies devote to the conception, development and launch of new products go to projects that do not succeed they fail in the marketplace or never make it to market.Leading companies have overhauled their product creation processes, incorporating the critical success factors discovered through best coiffe research, in the form of a Stage-Gate new product development process. fit to several independent research studies (i.e. Product Development Management Association, AMR Research, Booz-Allen Hamilton, etc.) in the midst of 70-85% of leading U.S. companies now use Stage-Gate to drive new products to market.A Stage-Gate System is a conceptual and operational road map for moving a new-product project from idea to launch. Stage-Gate divides the childbed into distinct stages separated by management close provide (gatekeeping). Cross-functional police squads mustinessiness successfully complete a appointive set of related cross-functional activities in each stage foregoing to obtaining management approval to proceed to the following(a) stage of product development.How Does the Stage-GateProduct grounding begins with an idea and ends with the successful launch of a new product. The steps amongst these points can be viewed as a dynamic process. Stage-Gate divides this process into a series of activities (stages) and purpose points (gates).Stages are where the action occurs. The players on the project police squad press key activities to win information needed to advance the project to the next gate or decision point. Stages are cross-functional (there is no resear ch and development or marketing stage) and each activity is undertaken in match to enhance speed to market. To manage risk, the parallel activities in a legitimate stage must be designed to gather vital information technical, market, financial, operations in order to drive down the technical and business risks. Each stage be more than the prior one, resulting in incremental commitments. As uncertainties decrease, expenditures are allowed to rise and risk is managed.In addition to the discover stage, there are atomic number 23 key stagesStagesThe structure of each stage is similarActivities The work the project leader and the team must undertake based upon their project plan. co-ordinated analysis The project leader and teams integrate analysis of the results of all of the functional activities, derived through cross-functional interaction.Deliverables The presentation of the results of the integrated analysis, which must be completed by the team for submission to the gate.Pr eceding each stage is a decision point or gate which serves as a Go/ land and prioritization decision point. Gates are where modal(a) projects are culled out and resources are allocated to the best projects. Gates deal with common chord quality issues quality of carrying into action business rationale and the quality of the action plan.GatesThe structure of each gate is similarDeliverables Inputs into the gate survey what the project leader and team deliver to the meeting. These are defined in advance and are the results of actions from the preceding stage. A standard menu of deliverables is contract for each gate.Criteria What the project is judged against in order to make the go/ devour and prioritization decisions. These criteria are usually nonionised into a scorecard and include twain financial and qualitative criteria.Outputs Results of the gate review. Gates must have understandably articulated outputs including a decision (go/kill/hold/recycle) and a direction forwa rd (approved project plan, pick up and deliverables for the next gate agreed upon).What are the benefits of using Stage-Gate?The Stage-Gate Product design system has been referred to as the single most important discovery in product innovation empowering almost 85% of all North American companies to achieve improved returns on their product development dollars and to achieve new growth.When implemented properly, Stage-Gate delivers tremendous impactAccelerates speed-to-marketIncreases likelihood of product successIntroduces suss out into an ordinarily chaotic processReduces re-work and other forms of wasteImproves focus via gates where poor projects are killedAchieves efficient and effective allocation of scarce resourcesEnsures a complete process no critical steps are omittedThe resultsA more effective, efficient, faster process that improves the companys (in this case Weather Seal) product innovation results.4. Cost Incurred on Facilities and Resources Utilized- by-line are some of the items and their jolting costs that were required for the conduction of project work.5. Sources and Methods-In order to closure the key aspects of the project studies i.e. how to introduce new product for the company and how to originate the marketing plan, auxiliary and primary research will be stash away. both types of research are essential in this project work as they offer crucial results regarding finalization of project report. Furthermore, qualitative data has been collected instead of quantitative data, this is because the available time was not enough to collect and analyze a wide range of data.Secondary Research-The inessential research consists of reanalysing data that have already been collected for some other purpose (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003 188). In this project studies, we will be interested in information about this national level company overall, the importance and persuasion of the company in the marketplace and among its customers pri or to the launch of new product and off course the utmost important strategic marketing issues machine-accessible with it. One of the primary(prenominal) books used for this is Principles of Marketing (Kotler et al, 2005). These sorts of usage create the part of theoretical frame.The information needed to conduct the project will be collected through the use of remote sources of secondary winding data such as published books and online articles and survey reports. However, the main part of the research focuses on the introduction of new product for the company. In order to collect all the necessary information the researcher will gather internal sources of secondary research. This information includes corporate documentation such as company reports and antecedent marketing plans which are available collectible to solid professional birth of the researcher with the branch management. The internal sources of secondary research will be support-up by other external sources such a s published prevalent statistics and industry statistics, which have been collected through the use of the internet. Some of the most relevant information collected from online sources regarding UK burglary, fire and child abductions incidents and statistics will be presented in Appendix. This information will be essential to collect and analyse in order to make the company change to assess the urgency of new home security system product among the UK citizens.Although secondary research has a number of advantages such as the fact that it is readily available, it saves cash and it is not time consuming it also has some disadvantages. In order to use secondary data in effect it is important to make sure that the data is relevant to the ad hoc issue addressed and that it has been classified in a way that is consistent with the study at hand. This consists in making sure that such things as variables and measurements are in line with those used in the investigation. It is also impo rtant to make sure the data is immaculate and that it comes from the original source and not an talk terms or third-hand report (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). native Research-The secondary research conducted, will be further backed up, by some primary research. This is data gathered and assembled specifically for the project at hand (Zikmund, 1994 40).5.2.1 Security risk of exposure Assessment Check Questionaire-The Weather Seal will create Security risk assessment founder questionnaire and researcher will carry the assessment visits with company assessor to feel and record the individual customer needs for statistical purposes. The said questionnaire will be closed end and enable the company and researcher to approve or disapprove the installation of PowerMax+ Wireless Alarm Control Home Security System at the premises. This will also enable the company to estimate the correct number of new product to be remained in stock. The Security risk assessment direct questionnaire will be presented in the Appendix.Customer Survey Questionnaire-As business can only run on the basis of customers. Therefore, it is critically important for Weather Seal to explore the customer views about the company and its new product. A sample close end survey questionnaire will be presented to 50 selected customers along with Security risk assessment check questionnaire to be directly filled by the customers during our visit at their premises. The responses against the survey questionnaire would enable the company to assess the placement of customers towards the company and its new product.5.2.3 Interviews-No specific interviews will be conducted. This is collectable to the already available massive customer pool of the company all around the UK. However, the researched has suggested the company to publish the comments of few prestigious customers of the company about its performance and customer support and services. These comments will be published in the company new product booklet for the product promotional purposes. a few(prenominal) customer comments will be presented in Appendix.Data Analysis and Interpretations-After conducting both the primary and secondary in depth researches, it has become possible to present the key findings and data analysis both in terms of figures and percentages.Data Analysis -Secondary Research-British Crime Figures-As a result of this type of research, the following key findings have been revealed relating to British crime figuresA home is burgled in UK every 20 seconds.Marketing Implementation Plan for New ProductMarketing Implementation Plan for New Product1. Executive Summary-With the ever increasing ratio of crime in the UK and all around the world, an unprotected property has become extremely vulnerable, day or night. This is why, in the presence of current environment it is of utmost importance to keep your loved ones safe at home by protecting it with a professional burglar, fire and intruder alarm system.After more than 40 years of success in the current business line, it has been thought that the Weather Seal Holdings (Weather Seal) has now got the right strength to diversify its business. Thereby, I have seen an opportunity to introduce Home Security System as a new product for company to be marketed sold at competitive cost to its existing and new customers through its branch at Romford, Essex (UK). As a result of kind approval by the companys branch regional manager and subject area managers (project sponsors), I have fascinated an opportunity to develop a project report regarding introduction and marketing plan of this new product for company. Time period allocated/authorized by Weather Seal branch management for the completion of project work is Six Weeks. The final project report will be submitted to the said project sponsors at Romford Branch (UK) for final vetting and valuation. It would then be on the excretion of branch management to send the report to company head office at Cheshire (UK).This project experience could give me a personal learning experience of how to introduce new products to companies. Hoping this project report would gain necessary attention of Weather Seal regarding launch of new product in marketplace and thereby creating cutthroat competition for companies like ADT, Chubb securities etc.The report will be important for the company to launch the fascinating new product among its product range enabling it to not only to diversify its business line but also generate extra revenue in the near future.Findings will be discovered through the data provided by the company, through company risk assessment form to be completed by customers, by acquiring few statements about the company performance from selected customers and assessing home security and crime survey reports being published by the institutions like Home Office (UK), The British Crime Survey etc. These findings will help the company in launching the new product at right levels.Th e strategic marketing implementation plan will be proposed in order to present important factors of success in future such as marketing budgets, marketing tactics and advertising options. Environmental analysis will be presented in order to critically analyze the marketing aspects by using the tools such as SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces Model etc., will help in building the marketing strategies and objectives by highlighting the factors such as Marketing Mix(Product, Price, Promotion Place)), Target Audiences and examining all possible strategic options including financial projections.The conclusion and recommendation about the new product will be presented in terms of product usefulness for the customers, profit generations, customer satisfaction and different sort of tactics being recommended to increase sales in future.2. Introduction To The Business-Weather Seal Holdings (Weather Seal) has been the Britains largest privately owned manufacturer installer of PVC-u replace ment windows, doors, rooflines and conservatoires. The company was founded in 1968 under the prestigious mono of The Pride of the Nation.Since its foundation, huge commercial and public projects has tested companys technology from time to time and more than a million domestic customers are witness to weather Seals craftsmanship. The company continues to grow and in a period of 14 years i-e. From 1995 to 2009, Weather Seal has become a 75.0 Million company. The company is now renowned as an award winning service provider to its customers. The product qualities are of highest possible standards and second to noe.. The head office of the company is located at the heart of the country on the M6 motorway network at Winsford Cheshire (UK). The company has 21 local branches servicing the UK and 07 Installation Depots all around the country. Weather Seal has got over 1000 trained personnel nationwide and 24 hour customer service response. Local staff includesDesignersSurveyorsFittersServic e and Installation EngineersAdministratorsThe company rightly claims that with Weather Seal the customers are dealing with the industry No. 1 as it has achieved every industry standard. Among its competitors like Euro Glazing, Everest Group etc, Weather Seal provides 10 year Platinum Guarantee for all of its products. This is the only guarantee worth having is issued by the company who design, manufacture and install the entire product range themselves.Weather Seal wants to introduce a sophisticated and state of an art Home Security System all around the UK market place. As an Initial phase, company wants to utilize the services of its Romford branch in this regard, which is located in the South region of the company.2.1 Introduction To The Branch Management-As project work has been conducted under the supervision and guidance of Romford branch management and that is the premises where the final project report would be submitted. Therefore, it is thought to describe the branch manag ement structure as followsOwnersMr. Ian Blackhurst and Mr. Brian KennedyGroup Head Marketing SalesMr. Tony ReillyDirector Sales Marketing (South)Mr. Mushtaq ZamanDivisional Manager (South)Mr. Kevin BrookmanRomford Branch Regional Manager (South)Mr. Muhammad Ovais HafeezRomford Branch Area Manager (South)Mr. Mudassar Nawaz Khan2.2 Aims and Objectives-Aims-The aim of this project report is to introduce the desired state of an art Home Security System as a new product to Weather Seal Holdings and also present an appropriate marketing implementation plan.Objectives-The essential objectives of this report arePresent the complete description of the new product and propose the most appropriate manufacturing partner in order to make the new business a successful operation of revenue generation in future.Identify the target audience assess the customer thinking about the company and new product enabling the company to attain the better customer range for the new product.To present the ap propriate marketing strategy by using tools such as environmental analysis, marketing mix and financial projections for the new product.2.3 Name of the New Product-The name of the sophisticated home security system (new product) will be PowerMax+ Wireless Alarm Control Home Security System (PAS)2.4 Product Overview-The PowerMax+ (PAS) is the latest, advanced and state of an art wireless alarm control home security system that provides protection against burglary, fire and tampering. In addition, it can be used to control lights and electrical appliances within the customer household and/or to monitor the activity of elder or disabled people left at home. Status information is presented visually and verbally, and in most cases a recorded voice prompts customer to take correct action.The PowerMax+ is governed by a control panel designed to collect data from various sensors that are strategically located within and along the perimeter of the protected site.In the disarmed state, the s ystem provides the customer with visual and verbal status information, and initiates an alarm if smoke is detected or upon disturbance in a 24-hour zone (a zone which is active 24-hours a day).In the armed state, the system initiates an alarm upon detection of disturbance in any one of the armed zones.Customer will need a 4-digit security code to master the system, and he/she can authorize 07 other persons to use the system by providing them with their own security codes. Moreover, customer can obtain up to 08 multi-function key-ring transmitters that will allow the customer and other users to control major functions without approaching the control panel.2.5 Key Product Features-PAS will offer the customers a personal security guard watching customers family and home 24 hours a day seven days a week 52 weeks a year. The Key features areLatest technologyInvisible two beams, thermal velocimatic systemMotion sensorWireless (no messy installation)Smoke alarm (optional)Flood alarm (optio nal)Up to 04 members of family / friends as contacts via text, land line or pagerLatch key for kidsAccess remotely (if away from home) via landline or mobileCan connect up to 15 different electrical appliances (computer, lights etc) with additional X-10 unitsBack up battery if electricity goes downPet friendlyPanic button (elderly) wrist, pocket etcFire buttonSave on the insurance policySecured by design (police approved)Security guard access to premises in case of no contact with alarmComplete peace of mindLeave voice message for the familyCodes for false alarm and under duress2.7 Proposed Partner Company for New Product Business-Honeywell Security and Communications will be the partner of Weather Seal in the manufacturing of PAS and cater off the customer needs from alarm response centre.This will be the perfect partnership for UK customers security needs. Weather Seal Holdings and Honeywell Security and Communications will jointly deliver a winning combination of expertise in sel ected home security system, and a proven track record of quality and a firm commitment to their customers.Honeywell Security and Communications is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of security systems, with 30 million security systems installed. Weather Seal is one of the UKs leading home improvement companies with a strong heritage in making peoples homes more stylish, energy efficient and secure. Security focused, the fusion of two well-known names in the UK will eventually give their customers the peace of mind that their home security will be in the safe hands.Why Weather Seal-With a UK wide sales, installation and service network, customers can be safe in the knowledge that they are putting their trust in a reputable business that is here to stay. The Weather Seal name and brand synonymous with the home improvement market for in excess of 40 years and have worked on more than 200,000 peoples homes. The company started out in the business with a clear focus on providing th e products that would make its customers houses warmer, safer, more efficient and a great place to live. The security elements of Weather Seal doors and windows are something that company has always taken really seriously. With this as central to companys approach and off course through continual research and development, Weather Seal products have undoubtedly set new heights in security with style in relevant industry.Why Honeywell-Part of a global technology and manufacturing leader with revenues in excess of $30 billion, Honeywell Security and Communications has been designing and manufacturing security systems since 1923. With expertise in every area of security, the company provides advanced security solutions for residential and commercial applications. Honeywell works closely with professional security installers and alarm monitoring providers to ensure our products are designed and manufactured with the flexibility to be tailored to each individual customers security needs. Be it private homes or global corporations, around I million customers trust their security to the company each year. Designed for customer convenience, Honeywell intruder alarm systems like PowerMax+ have a wide range of user-friendly features gives the customers peace of mind that their property is secured, with round the clock monitoring in the hands of professionals.2.8 Importance of the Topic-This is an interesting project studies as this will offer an opportunity to the renowned company like Weather Seal to introduce a diversified new product in the market place thus enhancing its business line.Companies are becoming more global day by day and to be able to have a critical insight of the marketing strategies and implementation plan of a new Home Security System product of successful UK Company can be an important reference when conducting other marketing activities.This project study will offer an opportunity to Weather Seal to create massive partnership with globally recogniz ed company like Honeywell in order to successfully run its new product in UK market place. As a result of this partnership, Weather Seal could make a global presence with the help of Honeywell and thereby giving more competition threat to its competitors.As a part of research, risk assessment questionnaire has been presented to the customers to be filled out by them in direct interaction with them. The response from customers would enable Weather Seal to better understand the customers security urgency level.The project studies helps researcher in understanding how to introduce new product by making the appropriate marking strategy and provides an opportunity to look into insight of the Weather Seal operational activities.3. Literature Review-Most break-ins are opportunistic, not planned and with statistics revealing that burglaries are on the rise day by day not only in the UK but globally, thereby, now is the time for the consumers to take next step in protecting their homes and t hus their loved ones too.Summarized important facts that evoked Weather Seal to work on the idea of introducing PowerMax+ Wireless Alarm Control Home Security System as a new business product and researcher to introduce this new product to the company are as followsHouseholds with no security measures in place are 10 times more likely to be burgled than those with such simple security measures.Results from the British Crime Survey demonstrated that having security measures in place was strongly associated with lower level of victimization.Government officials predict that the economic slow down will lead to upward pressure on levels of property crime.As property crime increases, insurers demand better security to stem losses.1.7 million burglaries were reported to police in England and Wales during 2007/2008.Home burglaries recorded by the police have risen by 4%, the largest rise in seven years for the period July-September 2008.On the basis of these facts and figures and data alr eady revealed the research has been made via internet to explore the best possible system in order to develop the desired new product for the Weather Seal. As a result of internet research, Stage-Gate System of product development has been shortlisted.STAGE-GATE THE ROADMAP FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT-The need for lean, rapid and profitable new product development has never been greater. Product life cycles are shorter, competition is more intense and customers are more demanding. Companies that fail to innovate face a grim future. The problem is that winning with new products is not easy. An estimated 46% of the resources that companies devote to the conception, development and launch of new products go to projects that do not succeed they fail in the marketplace or never make it to market.Leading companies have overhauled their product innovation processes, incorporating the critical success factors discovered through best practice research, in the form of a Stage-Gate new produ ct development process. According to several independent research studies (i.e. Product Development Management Association, AMR Research, Booz-Allen Hamilton, etc.) between 70-85% of leading U.S. companies now use Stage-Gate to drive new products to market.A Stage-Gate System is a conceptual and operational road map for moving a new-product project from idea to launch. Stage-Gate divides the effort into distinct stages separated by management decision gates (gatekeeping). Cross-functional teams must successfully complete a prescribed set of related cross-functional activities in each stage prior to obtaining management approval to proceed to the next stage of product development.How Does the Stage-GateProduct innovation begins with an idea and ends with the successful launch of a new product. The steps between these points can be viewed as a dynamic process. Stage-Gate divides this process into a series of activities (stages) and decision points (gates).Stages are where the action occurs. The players on the project team undertake key activities to gather information needed to advance the project to the next gate or decision point. Stages are cross-functional (there is no research and development or marketing stage) and each activity is undertaken in parallel to enhance speed to market. To manage risk, the parallel activities in a certain stage must be designed to gather vital information technical, market, financial, operations in order to drive down the technical and business risks. Each stage costs more than the preceding one, resulting in incremental commitments. As uncertainties decrease, expenditures are allowed to rise and risk is managed.In addition to the discover stage, there are five key stagesStagesThe structure of each stage is similarActivities The work the project leader and the team must undertake based upon their project plan.Integrated analysis The project leader and teams integrated analysis of the results of all of the functional activiti es, derived through cross-functional interaction.Deliverables The presentation of the results of the integrated analysis, which must be completed by the team for submission to the gate.Preceding each stage is a decision point or gate which serves as a Go/Kill and prioritization decision point. Gates are where mediocre projects are culled out and resources are allocated to the best projects. Gates deal with three quality issues quality of execution business rationale and the quality of the action plan.GatesThe structure of each gate is similarDeliverables Inputs into the gate review what the project leader and team deliver to the meeting. These are defined in advance and are the results of actions from the preceding stage. A standard menu of deliverables is specified for each gate.Criteria What the project is judged against in order to make the go/kill and prioritization decisions. These criteria are usually organized into a scorecard and include both financial and qualitative crite ria.Outputs Results of the gate review. Gates must have clearly articulated outputs including a decision (go/kill/hold/recycle) and a path forward (approved project plan, date and deliverables for the next gate agreed upon).What are the benefits of using Stage-Gate?The Stage-Gate Product Innovation system has been referred to as the single most important discovery in product innovation empowering almost 85% of all North American companies to achieve improved returns on their product development dollars and to achieve new growth.When implemented properly, Stage-Gate delivers tremendous impactAccelerates speed-to-marketIncreases likelihood of product successIntroduces discipline into an ordinarily chaotic processReduces re-work and other forms of wasteImproves focus via gates where poor projects are killedAchieves efficient and effective allocation of scarce resourcesEnsures a complete process no critical steps are omittedThe resultsA more effective, efficient, faster process that i mproves the companys (in this case Weather Seal) product innovation results.4. Cost Incurred on Facilities and Resources Utilized-Following are some of the items and their approximate costs that were required for the conduction of project work.5. Sources and Methods-In order to answer the key aspects of the project studies i.e. how to introduce new product for the company and how to prepare the marketing plan, secondary and primary research will be collected. Both types of research are essential in this project work as they offer crucial results regarding finalization of project report. Furthermore, qualitative data has been collected instead of quantitative data, this is because the available time was not enough to collect and analyze a wide range of data.Secondary Research-The secondary research consists of reanalysing data that have already been collected for some other purpose (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003 188). In this project studies, we will be interested in informatio n about this national level company overall, the importance and impression of the company in the marketplace and among its customers prior to the launch of new product and off course the utmost important strategic marketing issues affiliated with it. One of the main books used for this is Principles of Marketing (Kotler et al, 2005). These sorts of usage create the part of theoretical frame.The information needed to conduct the project will be collected through the use of external sources of secondary data such as published books and online articles and survey reports. However, the main part of the research focuses on the introduction of new product for the company. In order to collect all the necessary information the researcher will gather internal sources of secondary research. This information includes corporate documentation such as company reports and earlier marketing plans which are available due to solid professional relationship of the researcher with the branch management . The internal sources of secondary research will be backed-up by other external sources such as published general statistics and industry statistics, which have been collected through the use of the internet. Some of the most relevant information collected from online sources regarding UK burglary, fire and child abductions incidents and statistics will be presented in Appendix. This information will be essential to collect and analyzed in order to make the company enable to assess the urgency of new home security system product among the UK citizens.Although secondary research has a number of advantages such as the fact that it is readily available, it saves money and it is not time consuming it also has some disadvantages. In order to use secondary data effectively it is important to make sure that the data is relevant to the specific issue addressed and that it has been classified in a way that is consistent with the study at hand. This consists in making sure that such things a s variables and measurements are in line with those used in the investigation. It is also important to make sure the data is accurate and that it comes from the original source and not an intermediate or third-hand report (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002).Primary Research-The secondary research conducted, will be further backed up, by some primary research. This is data gathered and assembled specifically for the project at hand (Zikmund, 1994 40).5.2.1 Security Risk Assessment Check Questionaire-The Weather Seal will create Security risk assessment check questionnaire and researcher will carry the assessment visits with company assessor to observe and record the individual customer needs for statistical purposes. The said questionnaire will be closed end and enable the company and researcher to approve or disapprove the installation of PowerMax+ Wireless Alarm Control Home Security System at the premises. This will also enable the company to estimate the correct number of new product to be remained in stock. The Security risk assessment check questionnaire will be presented in the Appendix.Customer Survey Questionnaire-As business can only run on the basis of customers. Therefore, it is critically important for Weather Seal to explore the customer views about the company and its new product. A sample close end survey questionnaire will be presented to 50 selected customers along with Security risk assessment check questionnaire to be directly filled by the customers during our visit at their premises. The responses against the survey questionnaire would enable the company to assess the attitude of customers towards the company and its new product.5.2.3 Interviews-No specific interviews will be conducted. This is due to the already available massive customer pool of the company all around the UK. However, the researched has suggested the company to publish the comments of few prestigious customers of the company about its performance and customer support and servic es. These comments will be published in the company new product brochure for the product promotional purposes. Few customer comments will be presented in Appendix.Data Analysis and Interpretations-After conducting both the primary and secondary in depth researches, it has become possible to present the key findings and data analysis both in terms of figures and percentages.Data Analysis -Secondary Research-British Crime Figures-As a result of this type of research, the following key findings have been revealed relating to British crime figuresA home is burgled in UK every 20 seconds.

The Truth of Ivanhoe :: Ivanhoe Essays

The the true of Ivanhoe   Is Sir Walter Scotts Ivanhoe a true representation of the Norman-Saxon feud? Yes, and through a comparison of statements and ideas from Ivanhoe, Arthur and the Anglo Saxon Wars, The Anglo Saxons, Scott, and England in Literature America Reads it will be proven that the Norman-Saxon feud was accurately depicted by Scott in Ivanhoe. In Ivanhoe, Prince butt attempts to take over England while his brother, King Richard, is away fighting the Crusades. In the book there be basically devil sides to this struggle for control of England, the Normans and the Saxons. Prince John and his followers make up the Normans, while the Saxons are led by the title character Wilfred of Ivanhoe. The Saxons try to prevent Prince John from stealing the throne. The story occurs during the third crusade, but the feud between the Normans and the Saxons in 1066 well before this time. In 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, the Normans, led by William I, defeated the Saxons and took over control of England. Before this the Saxons had ruled England for 600 years. During the battle two sides fought strongly. It was a bloody war and many people died. The Saxons had fought and had won 21 wars to preserve their reign of England before their loss at Hastings. The Normans were from the English hated-France, so they didnt have much of a chance of being want by the Saxons. What little chance the Normans did have was destroyed by William. He established a new ruling class that was all Norman. He also took the land belonging to 5,000-6,000 Saxon nobles and gave it to 180 Normans who supported him. The laws which William make were oppressive and severe and the taxes were heavy. Saxons commonly referred to William as a tyrant because of this. The Normans and Saxons were shape up separated through language. The Normans spoke French, the Saxons spoke English, and both groups commonly refused to give tongue to the others language. There was one instance in Ivanhoe wh ere two Normans were guests at a Saxon castle. The Saxons refused to speak French, and the Normans refused to speak English. In the repeal both groups spoke their native language only, even though they were unruffled in both French and English. Another example of the Norman-Saxon feud from Ivanhoe occurred in the first several pages. Two Saxon servants came upon two Normans in the woods, and the Normans asked for directions to the nighest castle.