Greek And Roman Mythology Essay

Divine Myth True fictions or fable proper. Stories in which the main characters are super subjective creations. Gener alto clearhery explain whatever aspect of the orb Example would be genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Zeus over throwing his perplex and the work forcedd stories creation of myths and of the superannuated greeks Nyx (Night) the abstract concept of night disposed(p) to a fewer forgiving characteristics. Union of Nyx and Erebus (Darkness) produced their opposites, aether Radiance and herma twenty-four hour period Legends (Sagas) Latin word is Legenda something that moldiness be read. Originated referred to Christian Stories of the saints. Stories of bang-up deeds from valet de chambre.(Semi-divine), usu t place ensembley narrates the events of the gracious past Stories of the Trojan war and the exploits of Achilles and the separate Hellenic heroes fit into this category. Troy and Legend Heinrich Sch lie compositionn 1822-1890 Believed that Homers stories ab give out-of-door(predicate) Troy were based on historical virtue Funded archaeological launchpad at Troy and later at Mycenae Founded a huge cloud of gold and jewels, Priams Treasure Folktales Stories whose characters are ordinary volume or animals folk takes march both to entertain and teach or justify. classicals had a work for folk talk, Ainos (Simple fable)Hesiod Works and Days The hawk and the nightingale Motifs first-string appearance of certain identifiable narrative patterns in a accounting The neo novel we see the base of water or weak which consistently comes up n the flooring, serves as a thread race demeanor throughout Simple melodic themes include double (Twins, doppelgangers) dragons, etc Theories of Myth Allegory Greek word marrow say something differently Similar to emblemism sensual Allegory THEAGENES (6TH CENTURY B. C. )First procedure of aloneegory to interpret myth Myths about battl es between gods really correspond natural conflicts between naturalcauses Based his interpretations on opposites. unity god may repre direct make off and another water.Clashes repre direct eternal conflicts between fire and water inconclusive Etymologies Means getting to the root of a word Cronus ( flummox of Zeus) Greeks tried to relate Cronus to Crono (Time) Cronus eats children (Time devours everything) However Cronus and Crono are not etymologically related words historical Allegory Euhemerism An interpretation created by Euhemerus (ca 300 B. C. ) Opposed to physical allegory, Euhemerism says myths specialise us historical truths not philosophical truthsGods are historical figures, mankind tycoons ruled long ago and were transformed into stories by gods Related to Euhemerism and irrational etymologies is the idea that myths were formed by an understanding. Actaeoniane are not torn by by his dogs, simply discontinueed by spending all his specie on hunting dogs The Mi noans Ca 2200 B. C. E ca 1450 B. C. E epicurean palaces signifi hobot wealth and technology Bull is an important religious symbol Worshipped female fertility goddess No defensive structures- lordy of the ocean Non Indo-Europeans Non Greek Speakers ( running(a) A script not deciphered) Thera (Modern Santorini)A rich Minoan culture that was destroyed ca 1630 BCE The End of the Minoans ca 1450 B. C. E Minoan Civilization was destroyed and palaces burned Palace at Cnossus Mycenaean Ca 1600 B. C. E- 1150 B. C. E Indo-European Greek Speakers (linear B script) Mycenaes ruled by proponentful king Warlike people- Bronze weaponry, chariots. 1150 B. C. E, palaces destroyed by fire. Linear B language lost for 400 years until Archeic Period Re-emerged as Greek Alphabets Near vitamin Eern Influence Mesopotamia Land between Rivers (Tigris and Euphrates, modern Iraq) significant source for myths Non Indo-Europeans speaking society.( linguistic group than the Greeks) Greek myths of the rakehe ll of the present world order, a universal flood and other myths acquaint the influence of the near east. Other important peoples that influenced Greek myth Sumerians, Semites, Akk kinfolk 12, 2013 Creation Myths 1 Hesiods Theogony Ca. 700 B. C. E 2 works blend intact (frag custodyts of some of his other works are extent) About the beginning of the universe and the ascension of Zeus to kings of the gods Works and Days The account of the pearl of man from a golden age to one of the iron expound on the personification of various aspects of life.Eg germanium is the mother nature germanium is in pain because of Uranos hatred of their off spring Uranos imprisons his youngest children to Tartarus Succession myth (Uranos feared that his children would take his power away from him) Gaea encourages Cronus to exact revenge Cronus threw Uranos crotch into the sea, which gave rise to Aphrodite (God of love/ knowledgeableity) The Giants (Erinyes, Furies) and Melian ash-tree Nymphs sprang from Uranos spilled melodic line Cronus warned by Gaea (Mother) and Uranos ( take), would be triskaidekaphobic of their off springs Cronos (Time) and Rhea had Zeus, Poseidon (Earth Shaker), Hades, Hera, Demeter, andHestia Once born, Cronos eats his children to prevent from being overthrown Rhea, advice from her parents hid her youngest child, Zeus on the island of Crete in a cave. Rhea gave Cronus a stone in place of Zeuss place Zeus raised in a cave by nymphs and fed milk from the goat Amalthea and the erotic love from the bee Melissa Protected by the Corybantes (Whirlers)/ Curetes young menMetis (Cleverness) give Cronus an vomitive (causes him to vomit his sons and girlfriends) The stone become the famous omphalos placed in Delphi (Center of the existence) Rhea and Cronos, and Gaia and UranusThe Titanomachy (War against the Titans) Titans led by Cronus, capital of Washingtonns led by Zeus Some of the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires (the Hundred-handers) helped Zeus.The Cyclo pes fashioned Zeuss thunderbolt. lastly the Olympians won Zeus banishes Cronus to Tartarus, along with the other Titans where they are watched by the Hundred-handers The women were neutral, they were not banished. Epimetheus, Prometheus, and atlas were spared. Atlass punishment was that he had to hold up the sky at the edge of the world Typhoesus/Typhons/Typhus Typheous is the youngest son of Tartarus and GaeaHe was so terrifying that the Olympian gods fled to Egypt and disguised themselves as animals. In a fierce battle (hurled, torn to sinews) Zeus defeated Typheous- Mt. Etna(Typheous was being held down there)Dragon combat motif (Characteristics where they are born intimate the earth) (Dragons represent feminity Zeus represents masculine values Birth of A soa Zeus escapes the pattern of the succession myth (overthrown) Zeus has married Metis and she was pregnant Zeus swallowed Metis (Assimilated intelligence into himself) Gave him a headspringache (Cracks his skull into allowi ng Athena to come out of his head) single of Zeuss favorite children Gigantomachy Not mentioned by Hesiod Giants were urged to attack Olympus other test of Zeuss powers The Olympians defeat the Giants, in a bulky battle. Zeus, Poseidon and Hades divide the world among themselves Prophecy of the son of a virulent mother Hercules. (Was the hero Zeus needed to defeat the giants) Giants urged to attack by Gaea Creation Myths 2The Fall of Man The penalisation of Prometheus Prometheus ethnic hero (Gives mortals a chance) Said to be the creator of humans Prometheus tricked Zeus at Mekone unto reserving the edible parts of the hold for humansGods get the swot up and fat Etiology (Explains the reason) Greek sacrificial custom For the trick, Zeus punishes the humans (Withholds the fire)Prometheus and Fire Prometheus steals the fire back from heaven in a fennel-stalk Punishment for this trickery Zeus sends Pandora to men and chains Prometheus, years later dispense withd by Hercules. Pr ometheus gets a visitation from an eagle every day to peck out his liver Pandora (All gifted) Name means all-gifted because of all the gods contributed to her creation and endowed her with more an(prenominal) charms. Hephaestos- Fashions her from the earth Athena- Gives her domestic s refines.Aphrodite- gives her grace, beauty, desire and the ability to spark sexual disposition Graces and Persuasion Necklaces Epimetheus (after thought) is told by his brother Prometheus (fore thought) to not accept any gifts from Zeus He sees Pandora and accepts Pandora She carries a JAR ( not a box) In the quaver, it contains all the evil and good things When she opens the stir, all the evil things follow to earth magic spell the good things fly to heaven/ single hope is caught in the jar 4/5 Ages of Men Hesiods Works and Days and Ovids Metamorphoses Ovid 43 B. C. E 17 B. C. E Works include artistic production of Love and the Metamorphoses.Exiled by Augustus Zeus Father of Gods and Men De rived from the Indo-European thrash about God di-cf. Germanic Tiu and Indic Dyaus Ritar Roman Jupiter Cloud Gather Aegis guardianship Zeus Goat Skin a magical object that represented Zeus power, it oft represented as a shield with snake headed tassels. Zeus lent it to Athena Many Lovers (Eurynome (Graces) Mnemosyne (Muses) Ganymede (cup-bearer to the gods) Themis (rules and order) Many offspring (Sarpedon, Zeuss Son, Minoss brother Moerae fates Clotho spinner, Lachesis apportioner and Atropos she who cannot be saturnine asunder Horae Seasons.Zeus is renowned for his physical strength which guarantees his preeminence over all beings Signature weapon which was the Lightning Bolt Zeus Kataibates Zeus who descends Zeus is associated with the fudge (Crete, power, fertility) and the Eagle God of law and justice Dike- from the root to point out Xenia (Formal guest friendship) cf. Xenophobia As The founder of gods and men, Zeus is a figurative father who oversees all that occurs on earth and in the heaven. actual father to a large number of gods and heroes- famous for his numerous consorts and paramours. 114 at some counts.Sexual procreation as a metaphor for countrified production- rain semen, earth- the womb Famous story from IIiad associates Zeuss exploits and the egression of vegetation Aphrodites girdle/belt (a symbol of sexuality and sexual consent) & Heras use of it leads to grasses, flowers and plants springing from the earth on which they reclined. Hera Who sits on a gilt Throne Hera (Juno) Zeuss wife Marriage and child experience Mother of Ares (by Zeus), Eileithyia, Hebe(personification of youth) & Hephaestus (Crippled and made fun of ) (Two versions of parentage) Persecutes Zeuss mistresses and illegitimate children.Quarrels with Zeus incessantly Seduces Zeus to turn tide of the Trojan War Zeus remember when I strung you up Poseidon Dark-H behaviored Lord of the orphic God of the sea and earthquakes Associated with the horse (drowned in a pool to sacrifice to Poseidon) Produced Pegasus with the Gorgon medusa (grotesque offspring Polyphemus) Hades Plutos Wealthy One Name means invisible unseen dead and the facelessness of decease (Helm of invisilibty) neer impartingly allows anyone who comes to his mob to leave An immortal god but not an Olympian. Apollo Origin of Apollo unknown Lycian = Lycia (Asia Minor)?Or association with Hyperborean ( 3 Winters mos. In the remote north)= Nordic Origin? born(p) on Delos ( Floating island Heras persecution of Titaness Leto watery of day Artemis is his twin sister Depicted as a physically perfect young man and un-bearded and with long hair. God of music, aristocratic concerns and dead (later came to be associated with the sun) God of illness (arrows- Lord of mouse, they bring disease) and mend (Asclepius, his son was the god of medicine) God of prophecy scratch offed Python to establish his Oracle of Delphi (Dragon-combat cf. Marduk vs Tiamat and Zeus vs Typhoeus)- sham an.Known for his unhappy loves Daphine, Cassandra, Sibyl at Cumae, Coronis (Asclepius Mother) Hermes Psychompus Mercury (Soul guide, or the leader of the souls) God of travel, commerce, boundaries, theft and trickery (God that was worshipped from the thieves and bandits, and try to trick people) courier to the gods (Called quicksilver because he was fast) Important myths Births, Invention of Lyre( by killing and gutting a Tortoise), Killing of Argus (Monster with 100 hundreds, watcher of 1 of Zeuss lovers) Worshipped as a Herm at crossroads and even doorways Zeus had an affair with a star, and Hermes was born.Pan Son of Hermes Hoofs and legs of a goat with human features The gods name is likely from Indo-European root substance to break (cf Pasture) The inspiration for later representations of the devil Hephaetus, God of Smiths Lame metalworker god- highly skilled and ingenious 2 versions of his affinity Born from Hera unaccompanied (b/c of Athena) or son of Zeus and Hera 2 ver sions of expulsion from Olympus Zeus threw him off for taking Heras side in an argument(landed on Lemnos) or Hera threw him from Olympus in disgust (Hephaetus golden throne of revenge and his subsequent number to Olympus) Typhoeuss jailer in Mt.Etna Husband of Aphrodite (Ares & Aphrodite trapped in bed) Hateful Ares (God of War) Aphrodite, Artemis, and Athena Sept 24 Aphrodite Of the Golden Daughty Goddess of Love Born from sea-foam (ophros)- Hesiod (Roman Venus Always accompanied by Eros (Winged boy with radical and arrows or flaming great mullein) Also Himmeros= desire and the Graces) Only Athena, Artemis and Hestia (Virgins for life, did not extremity to endeavor into Aphrodites powers) were immune to Aphrodites powers Not originally Greek (cf. Eastern fertility goddesses, Inanna, Ishstar, Astarte)- Cyprus (transit point) Cypris & Cythera.Cyprus is the doorway between the East and the west tabernacle prostitution (Corinth & Cythera) Important Myths Birth (theogony) Hermaphrod itus (fused with Nymph Salmacis, became both genders by fusing with him) Priapus (Dionysus or Hermes)- Boned Aphrodite & Ares-Boned Aphrodite & Anchises (Aeneas lone survivor of the Trojan War)-Boned Artemis Potnia Theron Mistress of Animals Not a Greek Name- earlier (possibly as far back as the paleolithic Period) Twin sister of Apollo (Roman Diana) Virgin goddess, but alluring (dangerous) Huntress (bow and arrows, deer) Struck by the arrows of Artemis.Scared animals include the bear (Braurania ritual and the Arktoi- little bear) Important Myths Iphigenia (Sacrifice) Daughter of the outstanding Greek general Niobe (Boast about having more kids than Leto) Leto imply Apollo and Artemis to honor Orion (constellation) tried to rape Artemis and Artemis put a scorpion on his head and he died. Actaeon (Human Sacrifice? ) Turned into a Stagg because he saying Artemis nude. Then Actaeons dogs killed him Athena Mistress of the City Takes her name from the city of Athens ( Not the other way near) Roman Minerva Associated with the owl (owl-eyed). lots represented with the helmet, shield and spear, wears the Aegis around her shoulders Goddess of war (justified, defensive, strategic) Goddess of domestic crafts ( in particular weaving) Important Myths Birth Contest with Poseidon BIRTH OF ERICHTHONIUS ( foremost KING OF ATHENS) HEPHATUS JIZZED ON genus AtheneS HIPS AND SHE wiped it off and she threw it off the ground on Athens and spawned the legendary king Erichthonius, he was snaky because he spawned in the earth Arachne (Athena false her in a spider) She weaved something that made fun of the gods. Athena slashed her face. She then committed suicide.Athena felt sorry for hersuicide and turned her into a spider September 26, 2013 Demeter Meter means mother, De- unknown meaning Greek Goddess most closely associated with the wide mother-goddess Goddess of grain and the harvest twaddle of Demeter and Persephone comes from the Homeric Hymn to Demeter Close associati on between the female, the underworld and the rotary nature of existence Demeters daughter by Zeus is Persephone, to a fault known as KoreDaughter or girl D. and P. are frequently called the two Demeters or the two goddesses.The rape of Persephone Persephone is taken to the underworld with Zeuss permission- cf.marriage in ancient Greece Persephone picked flowers as Hades arose from the depths to abduct her Only Hecate and Helius heard her cries Finally, Demeter heard her daughters cries and searched the entire earth for her Demeters Search Nobody mortal or immortal would tell Demeter what happened She wandered the earth for nine days with torches in her hands Refused to eat ambrosia or drink nectar and did not bathe Hecate finally told Demeter part of the story and then Helius filled in the rest In disguise, Demeter left Olympus and descended to the towns and cities of men whereshe eventually came to Eleusis (Town outside Athens, center of the Eleusinian Mysteries) The Eleusinian Mysteries At Eleusis, Demeter rested at the hale of the Maiden where she was approached by the daughters of Eleusis king Celeus They asked where she was from and offered her hospitality They hired Demeter as a nanny to their mother, Metaneiras child, Demophoon Lambe tries to entertain Demeter by sexual relation her dirty jokes Metaneira offered Demeter, Kykeon, as barley-drink Demeter tried to repay their kindness by making Demophoon immortal. (Demeter would take the foul up and put him in the fire, burning away his mortality).Eventually, Celeus decreed a historied temple be built in honor of Demeter. Tough generation for Humanity In anger over her daughters abduction, Demeter withdrew all agriculture from the earth Zeus demanded that Demeter relent but she refused. Zeus sent Hermes to Hades to convince him to release Persephone and he agreed (etiological myth re seasons). The expansive of Gilgamesh and paladinic Myth Oct 1 Legends are stories about stupendous humans doing e xceptional things which are said to narrate episodes from the human past- heroes.Heroes were dire or well-born, originally living and breathing people-Homeric kingsand warriors. Eventually these great undivideds came to be worshipped as powers dwelling beneath the earth The name of places of the individuals cult where they were worshipped, were called Heroa Heroa were often huge earthen mounds visible on the landscape for great distances eg Achilles at Troys Pelops at Olympia and Aeneas near Rome. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Heroic Pattern Few ancient cultures produced chivalrous myths however the Mesopotamians and Greeks did The Epic of Gilgamesh greatly influenced later Greek heroic myth(movement of ideas from the East to West in Archaic period)Gilgamesh was a real man who rules the Sumerian City of Uruk c 2600 B. C. E (cuneiform lists of kings) evidence that heroes likely lived at one metre. This influence on Greek heroic myth is shown by shared motifs Shared Motifs One of the heros parents may be divine (eg Gilgamesh) but he is like all humans, destined to die. divine or unusual birth of which we know little (Part is missing from the Epic Gilgamesh) Hero is outstanding in his strength and is a menace to those around him, friend, and foe alike. Hero has a male fellow traveller (Enkidu created by the gods from carcass to temper Gilgameshs spirit)Hero falls under adversary power and is forced to complete impossible tasks (eg. Kills Humbaba) Taboo broken by hero, prankish price demanded (Enlil the storm-god was angry that Gilgamesh and Enkidu killed Humbaba) Hero resists the temptations of a dangerous woman (Ishtar asks her father Anu to send Bull of Heaven) Hero responsible for friends death (Enkidu dies after he and Gilgamesh kill Bull of Heaven cf. Patroclus & Achilles) Hero goes on a seeking to defeat death even traveling to the underworld (Gilgamesh travels across the waters of death to see Utnapushtim (cf. Ziusudra, Atrahasis, Noah, Deucall ion)Has help of gods, spirits, or magical objects (Gilgamesh magical stilts/poles) Hero returns home, atones for his misdeeds and accepts his mortality (after failing twice to give immortality- unable to stay awake for 7 days, loss of prickly herb at the bottom of the sea) Hero stipulation a great recognise (Gilgamesh honored by people of Uruk) Hero given a great funeral and may become a god (Gilgamesh given a fine funeral and his memory get out never die) Rationalism and Allegory THEAGENES (6TH CENTURY B. C. E) THEORIZED THAT BATTLES betwixt THE GODS REPRESENTED clashes between natural elements (e. g in the Lliad 20.54ff Apollo (representing fire) fights Poseidon (water)Cronus is identified with beat ( Cronos)- all things are begotten by time and devoured by it as well, just like Cronuss children. Because of this false etymology, we still envision Father of time as the grim-reaper (with sickle) on account of Cronuss castration of his father Another false-etymological exampl e stems of Hera sounding like the Latin word for air, Air lay just beneath the upper-atmosphere. Or aether ie. Jupiter/Zeus lays just about Juno/Hera. Historical Allegory Euhemerism myths reveals a historical truth (Euhermerus wrote of a golden columninscribed with the names with early human kings)The conflicts between Uranus, Cronus and Zeus were representative of palace intrigues During his reign Zeus travelled the earth teaching the arts of civilization, banning cannibalism, and founding temples. Died on Crete after a long life Gods may have been kings and heroes of real men who founded cities and did great deeds. Moral Allegory The interpretation that a myth is a system of advice on good and bad behavior Eg. Daphine was an example of chastity and Harpies who steal mens food are really prostitutes who ruin men with their fees.When Paris gives his famous judgment, he is really choosing between 3 kinds of life active (Hera), contemplative (Athena), amorous (Aphrodite) which all men must choose. Perseus and the Myths of the Argive Plain Rich Bronze Age area Tiryns- Perseus was the king of Tiryns when he founded Mycenae Argos not important in the Bronze Age, but is often confused in the myth with the Mycenae which was The Wanderings of Io The River god Inachus and Melia- parents of Io Io ancestor of 3 great dynasties the houses of Argos, Crete & Thebes Zeuss passion and Heras jealousy (spots mysterious clouds)The affright, Hera took her and takes the cow puts a monster to watch her, so Zeus doesnt see her again Argus (Hundred Eyes) Hermes (Argeiphontes Killer of Argus) Ionian Sea, Byzantium- the Bosporus cow-missing, the Caucasus Mountains(Meets Prometheus things will get better), Egypt (Regains human form) Gives birth to Epaphus he who has been touched Crimes of the Danaids Epaphus + Memphis (name of the ancient Egyptian capital, daughter of the Nilus the Nile River)= Libya (country west of the Nile river in North Africa) Libya + Poseidon are parents of Agen or (Ancestor to the houses of Crete and Thebes)(Arabia)Belus (ancestor of Perseus & Royal house of Argo, means lord in Semitic language)(Libya) Crimes of the Danaids Aegyptus has 50 sons Danaus has 50 daughters= the Danaids They aviate to Argos to prevent proposed marriages (feared a takeover of Libya) The sons of Aegyptus eventually marry to Danaids. (Danaus gives all his daughters daggers to kill every husband) Only Hypermnestra spared her husband Lynceus- all but one motif All the daughters/Sisters were doomed on the underworld, they had to fill a jar that would never fill The Legends of Perseus Danae and the Shower of Gold Lynceus (the one sparred) in Argos after Danaus.His sons Abas has parallel ( hate each other-quarreled in womb cf. Jacob & Esau and Isis, Osiris & Seth) Acrisius has a daughter, Danae but wants sons (Heirs) Oracles say that Danae will have a son, but that he will kill his grandfather (Acrisius) (Forbidden to Marry- prohibition) Acrisius builds underground br onze chamber to imprison Danae (folktake Seclusion) Zeus shower of gold impregnates her (Folktale motif violation of prohibition. Heroic motif queer birth) Perseus and Danae set adrift in a wooden box (folktake motif threat of death) Dictys (netman) at Seriphos saves Danae and Perseus (folktale motif liberation).Dictys brother Polydectes (much-receiver, the king of Seriphos) demands Danaes hand in marriage Perseus tricked into going on a quest for the head of a Gorgon he had no horse as a wedding gift for Polydecates- Perseus boasts I will bring anything, else Polydecates wants, even a Gorgons head (Heroic motif hero falls under enemy power and is forces to complete impossible tasks) Perseus, the Gorgon Slayer Gorgons Stheno Euryale Medusa (The yet mortal Gorgon) Instructions from Athena find the Graeae grey-haired women and learn whereabouts of encouraging Nymphs (grabs eye, demands answers where are they).Perseus receives magical objects from the Nymphs Hades cap of invisibili ty, go sandals special pouch. Hermes too provides a sword and a polished bronze shield (Heroic motif has the help of the gods, spirits, or magical objects) The killing of Medusa Uses shield as a mirror to avoid the gaze of the Gorgons, sneaks up on Medusa and cuts off her head From the body of Medusa, who was at the time pregnant by Poseidon Pegasus (Later tamed by Bellerophon) Chrysaor Puts his head in pouch, flies off with winged sandals with the Stheno and Euryale in pursuit (cant see him with the cap of invisibility).Perseus frees his mother by showing the Medusas head to Polydecates Perseus and Andromeda A variant has Perseus returning to Seriphos after a few adventures Came to Joppa (near Modern Tel Aviv) ruled by Cepheus Cepheuss daughter, Andromeda, is about to be sacrificed to a sea monster, because of a rash boast by her mother, Cassiopeia (more beautiful than the Nereids) Perseus given Andromedas hand in marriage and the kingdom for having freed her Phineus (Cepheuss br other) to whom Andromeda has been betrothed, bursts in a banquet in Honor of Perseus and is turned into stone with his men by the head of Medusa.Perseus stays in the East for a year and gives birth to Perses, ancestor to the Persian people. The Death of Acrisius absentminded to meet his grandfather Perseus returns to Argos Acrisius flees (it is fated that Perseus will kill him) At a sports contest in Thessaly, Perseus accidentally kills him with a stray discus (Motif heroes can be a threat to civil society, even without meaning harm) hangdog to receive the kingdom from his death grandfather, Perseus trades Argos for Tiryns with Megapenthes (cousin) Perseus also builds Mycenae (rules, begets dynasty) and lives there with Andromeda formany years.At their deaths, Athena placed them among the stars as constellations, remembered forever. Heracles Oct 8 Herakles Alexikakos (Wards off evil) conceal origins- Argive plain? (Eurystheus) or Thebes? (Birth place). Belong to all Greeks Associ ated with an earlier time club, bow & arrows Excessive (Heroic) Shaman figure- Master of Animals provided food and protection to his people Heraclids (Dorians/Spartans) Perseuss granddaughter is Alcmena, wife of Amphitryon While Amphitryon (Hs stepdad) was off fighting pirates, Zeus disguised himself as Amphitryon.As Zeus leaves, the real Amphitryon appears In his way, Alcmena gave birth to a child of Zeus (Herakles) and of Amphitryon (Iphicles) HERA IS NOT HAPPY (TRICKS ZEUS INTO sworn statement HIS 1ST OFFSPRING BORN THAT DAY WOULD RULE. Heras delay tactics- Eurystheus (Perseuss descendent, Heracles cousin) born before Herakles. Received an aristocratic education (wrestling, archery, warfare, compete lyre Kills Linus for telling Herakles that he is bad at playing the lyre (poor linus) Herakles sent away to tend cattle in the mountains cf. cattle of Geryon- Herakles as master of animals.Hunted a lion (Ravaging flocks) for king Thespius of Thespaie by day, stayed at his house by night (50 daughters-Heraclids, sons of Heracles, founded the noble family of the Spartans) Herakles marries Megara daughter of Creon (King of Thebes) and has 3 children Goes mad and kills his family (driven crackers by Hera he believes that they are his enemies) Went to Delphi to learn what he must do to atone for his crime- must leave Thebes, go to Argive plain serve Eurystheus (Herakles cousin, king of Mycenae) 12 Labors Miasma is that his blood is tainted and his blood his contagious.( blood guilt) Must be purified by a God. 12 LABORS. 1ST LABOR, FACES A MONSTROUS LION SKIN THAT IS IMPENETRABLE. NEMEAN LION. Wrestles with the lion and kills him. Uses the lions claws to skin the lion. Wears the skin 2ND HERAKLE SLAYS THE HYDRA (OFFSPRING OF TYPHEOUS GAEA) connatural SITUATION WHERE THEY overcome the older generation. Herakle has help from his nephew, kills the Hydra by having his nephew torch the heads of which he cuts off, so they do not grow back. Hydras blood is poisonous, ar rows dipped in it.3RD HERAKLES AND ATHENA WAS TO CAPTURE THE well-disposed HIND OF CERYNEIA WHO IS SCARED TOArtemis. By taking the stag when it was asleep. Told Artemis on the way back that he had to. 4TH TOLD TO RETRIEVE THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTA FROM THE AMAZONS. IT IS TO EXERT knowledgeable dominances. 5TH HERAKLES TOLD TO BRING THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR TO EURYSETHUS WHO HIDES IN PITHOS.(Eurysethus is scared and builds himself a jar to hide from) 6th Mares of Diomedes 4 man eating horses who were owned by Diomedes. In the end he fed Diomedes to his mares because the mares kill his favored companion Abderus 7TH TRIPLE BODY GERYAN, THE CATTLES WHERE HE KILLED GERYAN AND HIS fellow WHO GUARDED the cattle.Eurytheus sacrificed the cattle to Hera. 8TH APPLES OF HESPERIDES (WEDDING GIVES TO HERA WHEN SHE MARRIED ZEUS) THESE APPLES ARE immortal. They are heavy(a) on the edge of the world. Atlas taunts Herakles with the Apples of the Hesperides. Herakles took the world on his shoulder. Atla s gets the apples, Herakles trick Atlas by telling Atlas to hold the world while Herakles adjust his neck. Atlas takes the world, and Herakle takes the apples from him. 9TH CERBERUS IS HADES HOUND OF HELL. HE MAKE SURE YOU neer LEAVE HELL. DRAGS BACK THE hounds of hell 10TH AUGEAN STABLES CLEANSES THE AUGEAN.IT IS A full-grown STABLE, STABLE OF 1000 DIVINE CATTLES that poop a lot. Re-routed a couple of rivers and flush the stables out. 11TH HERCULES WAS TO DRIVE AWAY AN huge FLOCK OF BIRDS WHICH GATHERED AT A LAKE NEAR the town of Stymphalos. Hercules had no idea how to drive the huge gathering of birds away.The goddess Athena came to his aid, providing a pas de deux of bronze krotala, noisemaking clappers similar to castanets. These were no ordinary noisemakers. They had been made by an immortal craftsman, Hephaistos, the god of the forge. 12TH LABOR HERCULES EASILY DISPOSED OF THE CRETAN diddley. BRINGS THE BULL BACK TO EURYTHEUS.King Midas was to sacrifice whatever animal th at the Poseidon sent. The god sent a hoot so beautiful that he couldnt. Made the bull rampage all over Crete and made Midass wife fall in love with it, making the Minotaur. He put the Minotaur in the labyrinths, feeds him with the prisoners of Athens. After the Labors Wished to merry Lole, daughter of Eurytus, a local king. He refused remembering Megaras fate Eurytus discovers 12 prize mares missing, sends Son to principal Herakles- son is killed (violate of Xenia) Herakles goes to Delphi to find out how to atone for crimes, Pythia refuses to respond.Herakle steals tripod runs off and boasts that he will establish his own oracle Apollo prescribe 3 years as a womans slave (Omphale the Lydian queen) Afterwards marries Deianaira man slayer Tricked by the centaur Nessus told that his blood and semen would make potent love potion to use on Heracles. The blood is poisoned by the Hydra blood used to kill him Undergoes Apotheosis (became a god of Olympus) after his mortal self is killed by the poison Hercale marries Hebe (personification of youth) after ascending to Olympus Oct 10 Athens and Theseus.