3-D Password for More Security

ground ending E-SECURITY CP5603 MINOR explore REPORT Submitted By Neeraj Kumar MIT-MBA Student ID. 12682310 TABLE OF limit Title Page no ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 2-6 1. 1 livelihood 5 1. credentials Methods 5-6 1. 3 Organization of the Report 6 ACTUAL RESEARCH WORK 7-8 3D PASSWORD SYSTEM 2. 1 Overview 7 2. 2 Innovative Component 7-8 2. Comparison with Current Authentication carcasss 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 3D PASSWORD 9-16 3. 1 Virtual fair game Recognition 9 3. 2 3D Password Selection and Inputs 10-13 3. 3 3D Virtual Environment Design Guidelines 14-16 APPLICATIONS 17-18 4. Advantages 18 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 20 ABSTRACT Current credential dusts suffer from m both weaknesses. textual rallying crys be comm lonesome(prenominal) drug ab utilize however, substance ab exploiters do not follow their requirements. Users work to choose signifi go offt words from dictionaries, which make textual word of honors comfortable to break and vulnerable to vocabul ary or brute force attacks. some available pictorial watchwords reach a word lacuna that is less than or embody to the textual countersign space. Sm dodge card or tokens discharge be stolen. Many biometric assay-marks harbour been proposed however, substance ab users tend to resist using biometrics because of their officiousness and the exercise on their privacy. Moreover, biometrics layaboutnot be revoked. In this report tool of secure certification is dicussed. The three-D countersign is a multicircumstanceor authentication abstract. To be authenticated, we present a three-D practical(prenominal) surroundings where the user navigates and interacts with various(a)(a) marks.The sequence of actions and interactions toward the intents inside the three-D purlieu constructs the users three-D password. The three-D password buns combine more or less active authentication final causes much(prenominal) as textual passwords, in writing(p) passwords, and variou s characters of biometrics into a three-D realistic(prenominal)(prenominal) environment. The invent of the 3-D realistic environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-D password key space. INTRODUCTION In this chapter the password stereotypes much(prenominal) as textual passwords, biometric s cannisterning, tokens or cards ( such(prenominal) as an cash dispenser) etc.Current authentication systems suffer from many weaknesses. Textual passwords atomic number 18 commonly utilize however, users do not follow their requirements. Users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionary or their pet names, girlfriends etc. Ten years back Klein dischargeed such tests and he could crack 10-15 passwords per day. On the other hand, if a password is nasty to guess, then it is practically hard to remember. Users establish difficulty remembering a password that is long and random appearing. So, they create short, simple, and insecure passwords that ar sensitive to atta ck.Which make textual passwords wanton to break and vulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks. Graphical passwords objects befuddle been proposed. The strength of graphical passwords comes from the fact that users can take out and recognize pictures more than words. Most graphical passwords be vulnerable for shoulder surfing attacks, where an attacker can observe or record the legitimate users graphical password by camera. Token based systems such as ATMs ar widely apply in banking systems and in laboratories entrances as a mean of authentication. However, Smart cards or tokens are vulnerable to loss or theft.Moreover, the user has to state the token whenever access required. Biometric scanning is your natural signature and Cards or Tokens prove your validity. But some people hate the fact to hold out around their cards, some refuse to undergo strong IR depiction to their retinas (Biometric scanning). In this seminar, present and evaluate our contribution, i. e. , th e 3-D password. The 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects.The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the users 3-D password. The 3-D password can combine most existent authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3-D virtual environment. The visualise of the 3-D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-Dpassword key space. 1. 1 AUTHENTICATION Authentication is the act of establishing or confirming something as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the subject are true.This might involve confirming the personal identity of a person, tracing the origins of an artifact, ensuring that a product is what its packaging and labeling claims to be, or assuring that a computer program is a trusted one. For example, when you head straight-laced identification credentials to a bank teller, you are intercommunicate to be authenticated to act on behalf of the account holder. If your authentication pass on is approved, you become authorized to access the accounts of that account holder, but no others. 1. 2 AUTHENTICATION METHODS The first is comparing the attributes of the object itself to what is known about objects of that origin.For example, an art expert might look for likeities in the style of painting, check the federal agencying and form of a signature, or compare the object to an old photograph. An archeologist might use carbon dating to verify the age of an artifact, do a chemical analysis of the materials apply, or compare the style of pull or decoration to other artifacts of similar origin. The physics of sound and light, and similarity with a known strong-arm environment, can be used to assay the authenti city of audio recordings, photographs, or videos. The sec ond type relies on documentation or other external affirmations.For example, the rules of evidence in criminal courts often require establishing the chain of custody of evidence presented. This can be conventional through a written evidence log, or by affirmation from the police detectives and forensics staff that handled it. Some antiques are accompanied by certificates attesting to their authenticity. remote records have their own problems of forgery and perjury, and are also vulnerable to macrocosm separated from the artifact and lost. Currency and other financial instruments commonly use the first type of authentication method.Bills, coins, and cheques incorporate hard-to-duplicate physical blows, such as fine printing or engraving, distinctive feel, watermarks, and holographic imagery, which are easy for receivers to verify. Consumer goods such as pharmaceuticals, perfume, fashion clothing can use either type of authentication method to prevent counterfeit goods from taki ng vantage of a popular brands reputation (damaging the brand owners sales and reputation). A stylemark is a legally saved marking or other identifying feature which aids consumers in the identification of genuine brand-name goods. 1. ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT The 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the users 3-D password. The 3-D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3-D virtual environment. The design of the 3-D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-Dpassword key space.ACTUAL RESEARCH WORK 3D PASSWORD SYSTEM 2. 1 OVERVIEW In this chapter the system consist of multi factor authentication scheme. It can combine all existing authentication schemes into a single 3Dvirtual environment. This 3D virtual environment contains several(prenominal) objects or souvenirs with which the user can interact. The user is presented with this 3D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3D environment constructs the users 3Dpassword.The 3D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3D virtual environment. The choice of what authentication schemes will be image of the users 3D password reflects the users takeences and requirements. A user who prefers to remember and recall a password might choose textual and graphical password as part of their 3D password. On the other hand users who have more difficulty with memory or recall might prefer to choose smart cards or biometrics as part of their 3D passwor d.Moreover user who prefers to keep any kind of biometric data clannish might not interact with object that requires biometric information. Therefore it is the users choice and termination to construct the desired and preferred 3D password. 2. 2 INNOVATIVE persona The proposed system is a multi-factor authentication scheme that combines the benefits of various authentication schemes. Users have the inde writedence to select whether the 3D password will be exclusively recall, lore, or token based, or combination of two schemes or more. This freedom of selection is necessary because users are different and they have different requirements.Therefore, to chink high user acceptability, the users freedom of selection is important. The adjacent requirements are satisfied in the proposed scheme 1. The new scheme supply secrets that are easy to remember and very difficult for intruders to guess. 2. The new scheme provides secrets that are not easy to write down on root. Moreover, t he scheme secrets should be difficult to share with others. 3. The new scheme provides secrets that can be easily revoked or changed. 2. 3 COMPARISON WITH CURRENT AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS get from many weaknesses. Textual passwords are commonly used.Users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionaries, which make textual passwords easy to break and vulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks. Many available graphical passwords have a password space that is less than or adequate to the textual password space. Smart cards or tokens can be stolen. Many biometric authentications have been proposed. However, users tend to resist using biometrics because of their intrusiveness and the effect on their privacy. Moreover, biometrics cannot be revoked. The 3D password is a multi-factor authentication scheme.The design of the 3D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3D password key space. User have freedom to select whether the 3D password will be solely rec all, credit rating, or token based, or combination of two schemes or more. IMPLEMENTATION 3. 1 VIRTUAL quarry RECOGNITION Virtual objects can be any object that we clank in real life. each obvious actions and interactions toward the real life objects can be done in the virtual3Denvironment toward the virtual objects. Moreover, any user stimulation (such as speaking in a specific location) in the virtual 3Denvironment can be considered as a part of the 3Dpassword.We can have the following objects 1) A computer with which the user can type 2) A fingermark reader that requires the users fingerprint 3) A biometric recognition device 4) A paper or a white senesce that a user can write, sign, or draw on 5) An machine-driven teller machine (ATM) that requests a token 6) A light that can be switched on/off 7) A television or radiocommunication where channels can be selected 8) A staple that can be punched 9) A car that can be driven 10) A view as that can be moved from one place to another 11) Any graphical password scheme 12) Any real life object 3) Any upcoming authentication scheme. The action toward an object (assume a fingerprint recognition device)that exists in location (x1 , y1 , z1 ) is different from the actions toward a similar object (another fingerprint recognition device) that exists in location (x2 , y2 , z2 ),where x1 = x2 , y1 = y2 , and z1 = z2 . Therefore, to perform the legitimate 3Dpassword, the user must follow the like scenario performed by the legitimate user. This means interacting with the same objects that reside at the exact locations and perform the exact actions in the proper sequence. 3. 2 3D PASSWORD SELECTION AND INPUTSLet us consider a 3Dvirtual environment space of size G ? G ? G. The 3Denvironment space is delineate by the coordinates (x, y, z) ? 1 G? 1 G? 1 G. The objects are distributed in the 3Dvirtual environment with unique (x, y, z) coordinates. We assume that the user can navigate into the 3Dvirtual environment and interact with the objects using any stimulus device such as a mouse, key board, fingerprint scanner, fleur-de-lys scanner, stylus, card reader, and microphone. Consider the sequence of those actions and interactions using the previous input devices as the users 3Dpassword.For example, consider a user who navigates through the 3Dvirtualenvironment that consists of an responsibility and a meeting means. Let us assume that the user is in the virtual office and the user turns around to the door located in (10, 24, 91) and opens it. Then, the user closes the door. The user then finds a computer to the left, which exists in the position (4, 34, 18), and the user types FALCON. Then, the user walks to the meeting room and picks up a pen located at (10, 24, 80) and draws only one dot in a paper located in (1, 18, 30), which is the dot (x, y) coordinate relative to the paper space is (330, 130).The user then presses the login button. The initial representation of user actions in the 3Dvi rtual environment can be recorded as follows (10, 24, 91) run = chip in the office door (10, 24, 91) Action = Close the office door (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, F (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, A (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, L (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, C (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, O (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, N (10, 24, 80) Action = Pick up the pen (1, 18, 80) Action = Drawing, point = (330, 130). Figure 3. 2 Snapshot of an data-based 3-D virtual environmentThe 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. It can combine all existing authentication schemes into a single 3-D virtual environment. This 3-D virtual environment contains several objects or items with which the user can interact. The type of interaction varies from one item to another. The 3-D password is constructed by observing the actions and interactions of the user and by observing the sequences of such actions. It is the users choice to select which type of authentication techniques will be p art of their 3-D password. This is chieved through interacting only with the objects that acquire information that the user is comfortable in providing and ignoring the objects that request information that the user prefers not to provide. For example, if an item requests an iris scan and the user is not comfortable in providing such information, the user simply avoids interacting with that item. Moreover, giving the user the freedom of choice as to what type of authentication schemes will be part of their 3-D password and given the lifesize proceeds of objects and items in the environment, the number of accomplishable 3-D passwords will increase.Thus, it becomes much more difficult for the attacker to guess the users 3-D password. Fig 3. 2. 1 State diagram of 3D password 3. 3 3D VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN GUIDELINES The design of the 3 D virtual environments affects the usability, effectiveness, acceptability of 3D password. The first step in building a 3Dpassword system is to design a 3Denvironment that reflects the administration needs and the security requirements. Figure 3. 3 3D virtual environment 1) Real life-similarityThe prospective 3D virtual environment should reflect what people are used to seeing in real life. Objects used in virtual environments should be relatively similar in size to real objects (sized to scale). Possible actions and interactions toward virtual objects should reflect real life situations. Object responses should be realistic. The target should have a 3D virtual environment that users can interact. 2) Object uniqueness and character Every virtual object or item in the 3D virtual environment is different from any other virtual object.The uniqueness comes from the fact that every virtual object has its own attributes such as position. Thus, the prospective interaction with object 1 is not equal to the interaction with object 2. However, having similar objects such as 20 computers in one place might confuse the user. Therefore , the design of the 3D virtual environment should consider that every object should be clear-cut from other objects. Similarly, in designing a 3Dvirtual environment, it should be easy for users to navigate through and to distinguish between objects.The distinguishing factor increases the users recognition of objects. Therefore, it improves the system usability. 3) Three Dimensional Virtual Environment size of it A 3Dvirtual environment can depict a city or even the world. On the other hand, it can depict a space as focused as a single room or office. A monolithic 3D virtual environment will increase the time required by the user to perform a 3Dpassword. Moreover, a large3Dvirtual environment can contain a large number of virtual objects. Therefore, the probable 3Dpassword space broadens.However, a small 3D virtual environment unremarkably contains only a few objects, and thus, performing a 3D password will take less time. 4) Number of objects and their types Part of designing a 3D virtual environment is determining the types of objects and how many objects should be placed in the environment. The types of objects reflect what kind of responses the object will have. For simplicity, we can consider requesting a textual password or a fingerprint as an object response type. Selecting the right object response types and the number of objects affects the probable password space of a 3D password. ) System Importance The 3D virtual environment should consider what systems will be protected by a 3D password. The number of objects and the types of objects that have been used in the 3D virtual environment should reflect the importance of the protected system. APPLICATIONS The 3D password can have a password space that is very large compared to other authentication schemes, so the 3D passwords main application domains are protecting searing systems and resources. 1. Critical serversMany large organizations have critical servers that are usually protected by a textua l password. A 3-D password authentication proposes a sound replacement for a textual password. Moreover, entrances to such locations are usually protected by access cards and sometimes PIN numbers. Therefore, a 3-D password can be used to protect the entrance to such locations and protect the usage of such servers. 2. nuclear and military facilities- Such facilities should be protected by the most decent authentication systems.The 3D password has a very large probable password space, and since it can contain token, biometrics, recognition, and knowledge based authentications in a single authentication system, it is a sound choice for high level security locations. 3. Airplanes and jet fighters Because of the possible threat of misusing airplanes and jet fighters for religious, political agendas, usage of such airplanes should be protected by a powerful authentication system. In addition, 3D passwords can be used in less critical systems because the 3D virtual environment can be des igned to fit to any system needs.A small virtual environment can be used in the following systems like Some other application areas ATM Desktop Computers laptop logins Web Authentication 4. 1 ADVANTAGES * Easy to goldbrick Users can memorize a 3D password as a little story which makes the password easy to remember * Flexibility 3d passwords allows multi-factor authentication. Smart cards, biometrics and alpha num. password can embedded in the 3d password technology * Strength A scenario in a 3D environment offers as almost unlimited combination of possibilities.As such system can have specific 3d world, hack are extremely difficult. * The 3D password gives users the freedom of selecting what type of authentication techniques. * Secrets those are not easy to write down on paper. * The scheme secrets should be difficult to share with others. * Provide secrets that can be easily revoked or changed. CONCLUSION There are many authentication schemes in the period state. Some of them are based on users physical and behavioral properties, and some other authentication schemes are based on users knowledge such as textual and graphical passwords.Moreover, there are some other important authentication schemes that are based on what you have, such as smart cards. Among the various authentication schemes, textual password and token-based schemes, or the combination of both, are commonly applied. However, as mentioned before, both authentication schemes are vulnerable to certain attacks. Moreover, there are many authentication schemes that are currently under study and they may require additional time and effort to be applicable for commercialised use.In this report the 3D password mechanism is explained the 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme that combines these various authentication schemes into a single3-D virtual environment. The virtual environment can contain any existing authentication scheme or even any upcoming authentication schemes by add ing it as a response to actions performed on an object. Therefore, the resulted password space becomes very large compared to any existing authentication schemes. REFERENCES 1 X. Suo, Y. Zhu, and G. S. Owen, Graphical passwords A contemplate, in Proc. world-class Annual . Comput. Security Appl. Conf. , Dec. 59, 2005, pp. 463472. 2 D. V. Klein, Foiling the cracker A survey of, and improvement to passwords security, in Proc. USENIX Security Workshop, 2008, Measurement,VOL. 57,September 2008. 3 NBC news, ATM Fraud Banking on Your Money, date-mark Hidden Cameras Show Criminals Owning ATMs, Dec. 11, 2003. 4 T. Kitten, Keeping an Eye on the ATM. (2005, Jul. 11). ATMMarketPlace. com. 6 G. E. Blonder, Graphical password, U. S. unmixed 5 559 961,Sep. 24, 1996. 7 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/3-D_Secure